T1: Louis and his court

Question 1

The Affair of the Diamond Necklace

Answer 1

1785

Question 2

financial crisis reached a head, MA spent time on her model farm

Answer 2

1787-9

Question 3

who appointed the controller-general?

Answer 3

Louis

Question 4

what type of economist was Turgot?

Answer 4

physiocrat

Question 5

Turgot appointed controller-general

Answer 5

1774

Question 6

what financial reforms did Turgot introduce?

Answer 6

free trade in grain

Question 7

why did Turgot’s free trade reforms fail?

Answer 7

coincided with bad harvests of 1774-5, caused price of grain to increase and violent unrest

Question 8

what is an example of unrest as a result of Turgot’s reforms?

Answer 8

Flour Wars 1775- bakeries attacked, nobility accused of hoarding grain in areas surrounding Paris. over 17 days, 180 towns, villages and hamlets experienced unrest.

Question 9

Turgot is forced to resign

Answer 9

1776

Question 10

what did Turgot do that made Louis force him to resign?

Answer 10

tried to introduce property tax payable by all 3 estates- encroached on rights of 1st and 2nd. Parlements refused to sanction. (1776)

Question 11

Turgot attempts to introduce reforms that introduce a property tax payable by all 3 estates- encroaches on privileges of 1st and 2nd

Answer 11

1776

Question 12

what years was Turgot controller general?

Answer 12

1774-6

Question 13

Necker is appointed minister of finance (controller-general)

Answer 13

1776

Question 14

what report does Necker publish

Answer 14

Compte rendu au roi

Question 15

Necker publishes Compte rendu au roi

Answer 15

1781

Question 16

stats in Compte rendu au roi?

Answer 16

claimed surplus of 10 mill livres, actually a deficit of 46 mill livres - CONCELAED DEBTS

Question 17

what were the consequences of Necker’s Compte rendu au roi?

Answer 17

• gained popular support
• increased loans to the state from financiers
• but increased debt even more!

Question 18

what did Necker do that meant he was forced to resign?

Answer 18

attempted to abolish venal titles (1781)

Question 19

what year did Necker attempted to abolish venal titles and was forced to resign

Answer 19

1781

Question 20

Calonne made controller-general

Answer 20

1783

Question 21

Calonne warns that France is on the verge of bankruptcy

Answer 21

1786

Question 22

The Assembly of Notables refuses Calonne’s proposals for sale of Church land and universal land tax

Answer 22

1787 (Assembly gathers Feb 1787)

Question 23

Calonne is dismissed by Louis

Answer 23

1787

Question 24

Archbishop Brienne appointed controller-general

Answer 24

1787

Question 25

Paris parlement refuse to sanction Brienne's universal land tax

Answer 25

July 1787

Question 26

why did Louis exile the Paris Parlement Aug 1787?

Answer 26

as in support of Brienne

Question 27

Louis exiled the Paris parlement

Answer 27

15th Aug 1787

Question 28

what was the result of Louis' exiling the Paris Parlement?

Answer 28

seen to be a tyrant, led to the revolt of the aristocracy

Question 29

Revolt of Grenoble / 'Day of Tiles'

Answer 29

June 1788

Question 30

How does Louis try to recover his reputation after the revolt of the aristocracy?

Answer 30

- recalls Paris Parlement Aug 1788 - reappointed Necker - agreed to convene a meeting of the Estates General to discuss economy

Question 31

France declared bankrupt

Answer 31

16th Aug 1788

Question 32

Brienne dismissed and Necked re-appointed

Answer 32

1788

Question 33

how old was Louis when he inherited the throne?

Answer 33

20

Question 34

why was Louis not properly prepared to be king?

Answer 34

was not the dauphin, older brother died- not trained.

Question 35

what was Louis interested in?

Answer 35

locksmithing

Question 36

what was Louis' character like?

Answer 36

weak character, easily led- not the qualities of a ruler

Question 37

where was Marie Antoinette from?

Answer 37

Austria

Question 38

what were the consequences of MA being Austrian?

Answer 38

- suspicion and distrust- Austria = traditional enemy of France - not familiar with etiquette at Versailles - said to manipulate Louis for benefit of Austria

Question 39

how long was it before Louis and Marie Antoinette produced any children?

Answer 39

8yrs

Question 40

what was MA's main criticism?

Answer 40

her spending- blamed for financial crisis

Question 41

what was the Affair of the Diamond Necklace?

Answer 41

MA accused of trying to purchase a necklace worth 1.6 mill livres, turned out not be be true.

Question 42

when did MA become the target of propaganda?

Answer 42

late 1780s

Question 43

who was made controller-general after Necker and what year?

Answer 43

Calonne, 1783

Question 44

what year was Calonne made controller-general?

Answer 44

1783

Question 45

what were Calonne's controversial proposed reforms?

Answer 45

proposed sale of Church land and universal land tax by all 3 estates

Question 46

which group assembled to review Calonne's proposed reforms?

Answer 46

Assembly of Notables

Question 47

why were the Assembly of Notables skeptical of Calonne's assessment of the economy?

Answer 47

because of Necker's Compte rendu au roi, also disliked his radical proposals

Question 48

when did the Assembly of Notables gather?

Answer 48

feb 1787

Question 49

what was the ultimate conclusion of the Assembly of Notables on Calonne's proposals?

Answer 49

refused reforms and Calonne dismissed

Question 50

what year was Calonne dismissed?

Answer 50

1787