T1.1 Introduction to Cells Flashcards
Covers cell properties, microscopes, and stem cells
Theory
a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that can incorporate facts, laws, inferences, and tested hypothesis
The 3 points of the cell theory
Cells are the fundamental building blocks of living organisms.
Smallest organisms are unicellular while larger organisms are multicellular.
New cells arise from pre-existing ones.
4 features all cells have in common
Surrounded by a membrane that separates the cell content from the environment
Genetic material stores the information
Chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes
Energy release systems that power the cell’s activities
Why is striated muscle an exception to the cell theory
They have multiple nuclei despite being surrounded by a single membrane
Why is is giant algae an exception to the cell theory
Very large, complex continuous cytoplasm. Their caps can be removed and then regenerated, and the caps can be switched.
Microscope eyepiece
place to put your eyes f the top of microscope, standard magnification is 10x
Coarse Adjustment Knob
Allows for quick focusing by moving the lens or stage up or down, used for initial focusing
Fine adjustment knob
a precise control used to fine tune focus the image when viewing at the higher magnifications
Objective lenses
Major lenses used for specimen visualization, magnification power of 40x-100x, 1-4 lenses on one microscope, each lenses has it’s own magnification power
diaphragm (in microscope)
controls the amount of light passing through the specimen
Equation for total magnification
Eye piece x objective lense
Important rules for drawing
Sharp pencil with hard lead to draw simple sharp lines,
Join up lines carefully to for continuous structures such as cells
Draw lines freehand, but use a ruler for labeling lines
Functions of Life
nutrition, metabolism, growth, response, excretion, homeostasis, reproduction
GRR NEHM
Emergent Properties
Arise from the interaction of the component parts of a complex structure
Nutrition
Obtaining food to provide energy
Growth
Irreversible change in cell size
Metabolism
All chemical reactions
Response
Ability to react to changes in the environment
Excretion
Rid of waste products of metabolism
Homeostasis
Inside balance outside
Reproduction
Producing offspring either sexually or asexually
Explain “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts”
Individual cells with different functions are organized and interact with each other to form a living organism with distinctive overall properties
Example of emergent properties
organism, eye, liver
Division of Labor
Different cells preform different functions
