T7.3 Translation HL

Question 1

Activation of tRNA molecule involves attaching what to the 3’terminal tRNA?

Answer 1

appropriate amino acid

Question 2

How many different tRNA-activating enzymes are there?

Answer 2

20, 1 for each amino acid

Question 3

Is ATP require for activation of tRNA?

Answer 3

yep

Question 4

Step 1 of activation of tRNA

Answer 4

correct amino acid binds to the correct amino-acetyl tRNA synthase (activating enzyme)

Question 5

Step 2 of tRNA activation

Answer 5

ATP binds to amino-acetyl tRNA synthase (activating enzyme)

Question 6

Step 3 of tRNA activation

Answer 6

Amino acid is activated (ready for the tRNA) by the covalent binding of ATP

Question 7

Step 4 of tRNA activation

Answer 7

Phosphate is released from ATP, making AMP (ATP but 1 phosphate group)

Question 8

Step 5 of tRNA activation

Answer 8

Correct tRNA binds to the synthethase

Question 9

Step 6 of tRNA activation

Answer 9

Amino acid is attached to the tRNA through covalent bonds.

Question 10

Step 7 of tRNA activation

Answer 10

AMP is released

Question 11

Step 8 of tRNA activation

Answer 11

the activated/charged tRNA leaves the amino-acetyl tRNA synthase

Question 12

What is amino-acetyl tRNA synthase?

Answer 12

The enzyme that activates tRNA, “looks like an earwax thing” - mrs austin

Question 13

Function of Site A on a ribsome

Answer 13

Holds tRNA that carries the next amino acid
(Acceptor)

Question 14

Function of Site P on a ribsome

Answer 14

Holds tRNA with the growing polypeptide chain
(Peptidyl)

Question 15

Function of Site E on a ribsome

Answer 15

site where tRNA that lost its amino acid is discharged
(exit)

Question 16

Step 1 of intitation of translation

Answer 16

mRNA binds to small subunit

Question 17

Step 2 of intitation of translation

Answer 17

Initiator tRNA molecule carrying methionine binds to the start codon AUG

Question 18

What is the start codon for translation?

Answer 18

AUG, carries methionine

Question 19

Step 3 of intitation of translation

Answer 19

large ribosomal subunit binds to small subunit

Question 20

Step 4 of intitation of translation

Answer 20

Initiator tRNA is in the P site

Question 21

Step 5 of intitation of translation

Answer 21

Next codon signals another tRNA occupying A site

Question 22

Step 6 of intitation of translation

Answer 22

Peptide bond is formed between the amino acids in the P and A site

Question 23

What is elongation in translation?

Answer 23

The continued synthesis of a polypeptide after initiation

Question 24

Step 1 of Elongation in translation

Answer 24

The ribosome translocates 3 bases (1 codon) in the 5’-3’ direction down the mRNA

Question 25

Step 2 of Elongation in translation

Answer 25

tRNA in P moves to E

Question 26

Step 3 of Elongation in translation

Answer 26

tRNA in E leaves

Question 27

Step 4 of Elongation in translation

Answer 27

tRNA in A moves to P

Question 28

Step 5 of Elongation in translation

Answer 28

A tRNA with an appropriate anticodon occupies the vacant A site

Question 29

Step 6 of Elongation in translation

Answer 29

next amino acid is added to gorwing peptide chain by condensation reaction, forming a peptide bond

Question 30

Termination of Translation

Answer 30

Process continues until stop codon is reached. Polypeptide released

Question 31

Free ribosome's proteins go where?

Answer 31

the proteins are used inside the cell

Question 32

Bound ribosome's proteins go where?

Answer 32

outside of the cell (secreted) or for use in lysosomes

Question 33

What determines whether a ribosome will be free or bound?

Answer 33

The prescene of signal sequences means a ribsome will be bound

Question 34

Signal sequence

Answer 34

sequence of amino acids at the beginning of the polypeptide. Binds to the signal recognition protein and allows for the polypeptide to enter ER

Question 35

Differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic translation/transcription

Answer 35

Eukaryotes have nuclear compartmentalization, which causes a delay between transcription and translation. Prokaryotes do not have this delay and have no compartmentalization.

Question 36

Polysome

Answer 36

multiple ribosomes translating a strand of mRNA, produces multiples of the sam polypeptide.

Question 37

Are polysomes in prokaryotes or eukaryotes

Answer 37

theyre in both bro

Question 38

Primary structure of proteins

Answer 38

just the sequence of amino acids in the protein chain

Question 39

Secondary structure of protiens

Answer 39

the structures created by formation of hydrogen bonds between COOH and NH (alpha helix or beta pleated sheet)

Question 40

Can u identify an alpha helix??

Answer 40

u better like curls and twisty

Question 41

Can u identify beta pleated sheets??

Answer 41

u better the flat and not curly one, sometimes with arrow on it

Question 42

Tertiary structure

Answer 42

the further folding of the polypeptide stabilized by interactions between R groups overall 3D shape

Question 43

How do covalent bonds effect the tertiary structure?

Answer 43

the covalent bonds are used to form disulfide bridges

Question 44

How do hydrogen bonds effect the tertiary structure of proteins?

Answer 44

form between thee polar groups (NH3 and COOH), and folds it more

Question 45

How does Van deer Waals effect the tertiary structure of proteins?

Answer 45

makes the hydrophobic groups inward and hydrophobic groups outward, and vice versa

Question 46

How do ionic bonds effect the tertiary structure of proteins?

Answer 46

Form between positively charged atoms/molecules to negatively charged atoms/molecules to effect the shape

Question 47

Quaternary structure

Answer 47

Exists in proteins with more than one polypeptide chain. These chains combine to form a single structure Not all proteins have this structure All bonds mentioned before are involved

Question 48

Prostheic group

Answer 48

A non-polypeptide group in the protein Ex: Hemoglobin, heme group is involved which is iron