T2: Breeding and Whelping (done) Flashcards
What is the gold standard for protecting animal breeding
OFA, orthopedic foundation for animals.
-most associated with hip dysplasia tested
-covers many other areas of health that are of concern to particular breeds and breeders
What is the canine health information center (CHIC)
centralized canine health database
-AKC/Canine health foundation
-Orthopedic foundation for animals (OFA)
-keeps information on tests for individual dogs
–maintains a DNA bank (store samples)
-different breeds = different tests
Canine Health Information center (CHIC) , what can help guide you with?
if you are considering purchasing a puppy from a breeder who does not do this, should you be concerned?
Many responsible breeders do test their dogs but do not register their dogs with CHIC
- some breeds are not listed in the CHIC
What are the myths about breeding
- breeding dogs/cats is a good way to make money
- my children should see the miracle of birth
- my dog/cat is “superior” and I want to have another one just like her/him
- raising a litter is so much fun
- my pet will not be complete if it does not have the opportunity to reproduced
- It will be easy to find good homes for the puppies/kittens
What are the reasons not to breed your dog?
- Millions of unwanted dogs are euthanized each year
- Neutering your dogs has significant health and behavioral benefits, although neutering is not entirely beneficial
- Requires energy, time, financial resources, long-term commitment
- Requires education
What are the three major areas of concern for breeding
- conformation problems
- disease/internal problems
- behavioral problems
What is the decision to breed?
prior to deciding to breed two dogs, consider inherited problems and anomalies
Why is conformation problems an area of concern?
may affect gait, durability, longevity, affliction, hip dysplasia, narrow pelvis, facial “deformities”
Why is disease an area of concern
endocrine issues, skins problems, cancers, epilepsy, cardiac conditions, often breed specific; tests for many conditions
Why are behavioral problems a concern?
consider the uses of the breeds and the associated behavior problems, rage, obsessive compulsive disorders, dominance or independence
What aspects of the health should be evaluated prior to breeding
-immunizations up to date
-check for parasites
-test both for canine brucellosis
-sperm motility, mobility, concentration
Standing heat
when the female lets the male mate with her
from 7-10 days after the start of vaginal discharge (proestrus) and lasts for 7-10 days (estrus)
Traditional breed females on
days 10/12 or 10,12,14 after onset of proestrus
When to breed?
- Days from start of proestrus
- ovulates: 2 days after LH peak
-fertile period is generally days 5 through 9 of estrus - Behavior
- Vaginal discharge (changes form bloody to straw colored)
What is a vaginal cytology
the most common, to confirm proestrus and estrus
Describe proestrus and estrus in a cytology
proestrus
-vaginal epithelial cells from small parabasal cells to larger intermediate cells and then to very large cornified cells
estrus
-cornified cells increase, the microscopic visualization of primary (90%), abundant bacteria without WBC
What is a vaginoscopy
observation of vaginal mucosa to determine ovulation timing (crenulation)
-increase in E2 during proestrus, mucosal edema
-decrease of E2, edema goes down, wrinkling of the vaginal mucosa (crenulation); initial crenulation indicates the beginning of the LH peak as the E2 decreases.
What is the importance of ovulation timing
it is the determination of the most fertile days of estrus: used as a part of the AI procedure to ensure that ova are present in the uterine tube
LH or P4 assays to predict the date of ovulation
ovulation timing allows the time of whelping to be determine exactly
When would you use AI in dogs
only healthy animals without heritable genetics defects should be considered
-females refuses to allow mating
-physical problems preventing natural mating
-avoiding venereal diseases (uncommon in dogs)
-avoiding stress of shipping female to male
-utilization of champion sire after death
(AKC approved registration)
Superfecundity
can inseminate with semen from more than one male and still register puppies, must do DNA tests on sire, dam, and puppies
How to collect semen of male
-collect into a artificial vagina
-manually slip prepuce posteriorly to expose penis
Semen analysis (semen quality): a sperm count to determine sperm concentration, motility analysis to determine sperm viability and morphology analysis to identify sperm abnormalities
The conception rate is best with fresh semen (80%), followed by chilled (60%) and frozen (50% to 60%)
What are the AI methods
- intravaginal method: instillation of semen into the vagina using a syringe and a long plastic insemination catheter
- Intrauterine method (transcervical insemination): instillation of semen into the uterus through the cervix
- the Scandinavian or Norwegian approach: specialized metal catheter with a nylon sheath
-The new Zealand approach: mild sedation and a rigid endoscope (cytoscope) - Surgical intrauterine: direct injection into the the uterus by surgical laparotomy; general anesthesia, a small abdominal incision to exteriorize the uterus and incision into the uterus
What is the whelping box
-should be easy to clean and disinfect
-supplemental heat
-large and has “pig bar”
-quiet location and separated
What are the signs of prelabor
-nesting behavior to 2 to 36 hr
– scratching, pacing, whining
–panting, shivering, vomiting
– refusal to eat
-trim long hair from hindquarters
-may wash hindquarters and ventral abdomen with disinfectant soap; rinse well
