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Mental Health-MJ > T2-Substance-Related Addictive Disorders Pt. 1 > Flashcards

T2-Substance-Related Addictive Disorders Pt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A physical or psychological dependence on a substance

A

Addiction

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2
Q

*What is the most common ego defense mechanism?

A

Denial

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3
Q

The state in which a person’s mental and physical abilities are impaired by alcohol or another substance

A

Intoxication

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4
Q

What is the blood alcohol level if a person is intoxicated?

A

100-200 mg/dL

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5
Q

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

A

Withdrawl

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6
Q

When does withdrawal occur?

A

Within 4-12 hours of cessation in heavy or prolonged alcohol use

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7
Q

*When would you expect alcohol withdrawal to occur?

A

Within 4-12 hours of cessation in heavy or prolonged alcohol use; or reduction in heavy or prolonged alcohol use

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8
Q

What must we ask when talking to a patient about withdrawal?

A
  1. “When was your last drink?”
  2. “What did you drink?”
  3. “How much did you drink?”
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9
Q

Peripheral neuropathy is a complication of chronic alcohol abuse. Peripheral neuropathy is characterized by peripheral _____ that results in pain, burning, tingling, or prickly sensations of the extremities.

*What does peripheral neuropathy result from? Is it reversible?

A

Characterized by peripheral nerve damage

Results from= Vit. B deficiency (THIAMINE); it is reversible with abstinence from alcohol and restoration of nutritional deficiencies

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10
Q

Alcoholic myopathy is a complication of chronic alcohol abuse. Is alcoholic myopathy acute or chronic?

A

Can be either

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11
Q

What happens in ACUTE alcoholic myopathy (a complication of alcohol abuse)?

A
  • Sudden onset of muscle pain, swelling, and weakness
  • Reddish tinge in urine cause by myoglobin
  • Breakdown of muscle excreted in urine
  • Rapid rise in muscle enzymes in blood
  • Elevations in CPK, lactate, LDH, aldolase, AST
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12
Q

What happens in CHRONIC alcoholic myopathy (a complication of alcohol abuse)?

A
  • Gradual wasting and weakness in skeletal muscles

- NO PAIN OR TENDERNESS OR ELEVATED MUSCLE EZYMES LIKE WITH ACUTE

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13
Q

What is alcoholic myopathy a result of? Is it reversible?

A

Thought to be a result of the same Vit B defiance as peripheral neuropathy

Improves with abstinence and return to nutritious diet

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14
Q

*What is the most serious form of thiamine deficiency in alcoholics?

A

Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

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15
Q

What happens in Wernicke’s encephalopathy (complication of chronic alcohol abuses)? How serious is this disease?

A

Paralysis of eye muscles, double vision, ataxia, somnolence, stupor

DEATH will result if thiamine replacement therapy is not undertaken QUICKLY

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16
Q

A complication of alcohol abuse: a syndrome of confusion, loss of recent memory, confabulation in alcoholic

A

Korsakoff’s Psychosis

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17
Q

What occurs in clients frequently who are recovering from Wernicke’s encephalopathy?

A

Korsakoff’s psychosis

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18
Q

A complication of alcohol abuse: when alcohol negatively affects the heart by LIPID ACCUMULATION in the myocardial cells, resulting in enlargement and a weekend condition (generally related to CHF or arrhythmia)

A

Alcoholic cardiomyopathy

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19
Q

What are symptoms of alcoholic cardiomyopathy? What would labs show? What should we observe? Is this treatable??

A

Symptoms: Decreased exercise tolerance, tachycardia, dyspnea, edema, palpitations, and nonproductive cough

Lab: Elevated enzymes, CPK, AST, alanine, ALT, and LDH

Observe ECH; CHF may be seen on x-ray

Treatable? CAN ONLY BE TREATED WITH HEART TRANSPLANT—and a heart will never go to an alcoholic unless they have been alcohol free for years (and even then, they aren’t top of the list)

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20
Q

A complication of alcohol abuse: inflammation and pain in the esophagus occurring because of the toxic effects of alcohol on the esophageal musosa

A

Esophagitis

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21
Q

Esophagitis occurs because toxic effect of alcohol on the esophageal musosa. What is another reason this occurs? (2)

A
  • Frequent vomiting associated with alcohol abuse

- Drinking HEAVY amounts of alcohol

22
Q

A complication of alcohol abuse: Effects of alcohol on the stomach–> inflammation of the stomach lining characterized by epigastric distress, nausea, vomiting, and distintion

A

Gastritis

23
Q

What happens in gastritis?

A

Alcohol breaks down the stomachs protective mucosal barrier, allowing HCl to erode the stomach wall

24
Q

Complications of alcohol abuse: Is pancreatitis acute or chronic?

A

Can be either

25
Q

Acute pancreatitis occurs ____ after binge of excessive ETOH consumption

A

1-2 days

26
Q

What is steatorrhea? Does this happen in acute or chronic pancreatitis?

A

Fat globules in the stool–can occur in either

27
Q

What does chronic pancreatitis lead to?

A

Insufficiency, resulting in steatorrhea, malnutrition, weight loss, and diabetes

28
Q

Can you have pancreatitis without the cause being alcohol?

A

Yes-pancreatitis can happen in non-alcohol users

29
Q

Complications of alcohol abuse: Inflammation of the liver cause by long-term heavy alcohol use

A

Alcoholic hepatitis

30
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of alcoholic hepatitis?

A

Enlarged and tender liver, NV, lethargy, anorexia, elevated WBC, fever, JAUNDICE!!!

31
Q

Alcoholic hepatitis: what may be evident in more severe cases?

A

Ascites or weight loss

32
Q

What do severe cases of alcoholic hepatitis lead to?

A

Cirrhosis or hepatic encephalopathy

33
Q

Complications of alcohol abuse: This complication is caused by overworking the liver trying to assimilate large amounts of alcohol

A

Cirrhosis of the liver

34
Q

What happens to liver cells in cirrhosis of the liver?

A

Formulation of nodules, or lumps of regenerating liver cells; liver cells replaced with CT (fibrosis)

35
Q

Complication of alcohol abuse: what is leukopenia?

A

Abnormal WBC count

*Impaired function, production, and mvnt. of WBC

36
Q

When we hear leukopenia, what should we think?

A

Large risk of infection! bc it places the individual at a high risk of contracting diseases

37
Q

Complication of alcohol abuse: What is thrombocytopenia?

A

Platelet production and survival is impaired as a result of the toxic effects of alcohol

38
Q

When we hear a patient has thrombocytopenia, what should we think?

A

The client is at a higher risk for hemmorrhage

39
Q

Abstinence from ETOH reverses thrombocytopenia slowly or rapidly?

A

Rapidly

40
Q

Complication of alcohol abuse: what complication is this–alcohol interfere with the normal production and maintenance of F and M hormones?

A

Sexual dysfunction

41
Q

Can sexual dysfunction cause a woman to become infertile?

A

Possibly because for women it can change the menstrual cycle and cause a decreased ability to become pregnant

42
Q

Sexual dysfunction: For men, decreased hormone levels leads to decreased ___, ____, and impaired ______.

Long term effects?

A

Decreased hormone levels cause decreased LIBIDO, SEXUAL PERFORMANCE, and IMPAIRED FERTILITY

Long term: gynecomastia, sterility

43
Q

Complication of alcohol: Exposure to alcohol while in the womb

A

FAS

44
Q

What does FAS lead to?

A

Malfunctioning and deficits–physical malformations, emotional/behavioral regulation difficulties, learning disabilities

45
Q

FAS babies look like?

A

Smaller babies
Ears a little lower
Cognitive abilities affected

46
Q

Symptoms of alcohol intoxication?

A

Disinhibition of sexual or aggressive impulses

  • Mood lability
  • Impaire judgement
  • Impaired social or occupational functioning
  • Slurred speech
  • Incoordination
  • Unsteady gait
  • Nystagmus
  • Flushed face
47
Q

What is considered intoxicated?

What is considered LEGALLY intoxicated?

A

Intoxiated: 100-200 g/dL

Legally intoxicated: 80 g/dL

48
Q

When does alcohol withdrawal occur?

A

Within 4-12 hours of cessation/reduction in heavy or prolonged use

49
Q

ATI: Alcohol withdrawal delirium may occur ____ days after cessation and may last ____

A

2-3 days after cessation and may last 2-3 days

50
Q

Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal? (the Ps)

A
  • Parkinsomnism (tremor)
  • Puking (N/V)
  • Pulse increase (tachycardia)
  • Perspiration (sweating)
  • Panic (anxiety)
  • Pressure increase (elevated BP)
  • Pyrexia (hot)
  • Pooped (malaise)

Mental Health-MJ (39 decks)

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