T3. Lymphatic System

Question 1

What are the functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 1

1) Fluid Balance
2) Fat absorption
3) Defense

Question 2

How can fat travel through the circulatory system?

Answer 2

through lipoproteins

Question 3

Lymph

Answer 3

Water plus solutes from plasma and cells

Plasma - ions, nutrients, gases and some proteins

Cells - hormones, enzymes, waste products

Question 4

Lymphatic capillaries characteristics

Answer 4

• more permeable than blood capillaries
• epithelium functions as series of one-way valves
• found in all nervous system except bone marrow and tissue without blood vessels

Question 5

Which lymphatic trunk drains the chest

Answer 5

Bronchomedialstinal trunk

Question 6

Has valves that ensure one-way flow

Answer 6

Lymphatic vessels

Question 7

Distributed along vessels and filter lymph

Answer 7

Lymph nodes

Question 8

Drain tissues of the body and move lymph into major veins

Answer 8

Lymphatic ducts

Question 9

Drains right side of head, right upper limb and right thorax

Answer 9

Right lymphatic duct

Question 10

Drains remainder of the body

Answer 10

Thoracic duct

Question 11

Join to form lymphatic vessels

Answer 11

Lymphatic capillaries

Question 12

What is lymphatic tissue composed of

Answer 12

Lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells

Question 13

White blood cells derived from bone marrow, but may mature and reside elsewhere

Answer 13

Lymphocytes

Question 14

Dispersed lymphocytes; macrophages ; blends with other tissues

Answer 14

Diffuse lymphatic tissue

Question 15

Denser aggregations. Numerous in loose connective tissue of digestive

Answer 15

Lymphatic nodules

Question 16

Where are peyers patches located in your small intestine?

Answer 16

In the ileum of the small intestine

Question 17

What is malt

Answer 17

Respiratory, urinary and reproductive systems of lymphatic tissue

Question 18

Groups of tonsils

Answer 18

Palatine (the tonsils) , pharyngeal (the adenoids) , and lingual

Question 19

Functions of the spleen

Answer 19

• destroy red blood cells
• detects and responds to foreign substances
• limited reservoir for blood

Question 20

Where do blood vessels enter and exit the spleen

Answer 20

At the hilum

Question 21

Where are most T cells produced and mature at

Answer 21

The thymus

Question 22

When does lymph enter the blood?

Answer 22

After it enters the thoracic and right lymphatic duct

Question 23

What absorbs fat in the small intestine

Answer 23

Lacteals

Question 24

What is chyle

Answer 24

Lymph containing fat

Question 25

Where do pre-b and pre-t cells originate from?

Answer 25

Red bone marrow B cells mature in marrow and are released into blood Pre-t enter blood and go to thymus

Question 26

Where to T cells mature at

Answer 26

The thymus

Question 27

What is immunity

Answer 27

The ability to resist damage from foreign substances

Question 28

Physical barriers, chemical mediators , and cells constitute which type of immunity

Answer 28

Innate or nonspecific

Question 29

Specificity and memory constitute what type of immunity

Answer 29

Adaptive or specific

Question 30

Examples of innate immunity

Answer 30

Skin, mucous membranes | Cilia in the respiratory tract, coughing and sneezing

Question 31

2 major phagocytes of innate immunity

Answer 31

Neutrophils and macrophages

Question 32

Which innate immunity cells are inflammatory cells that expel histamine

Answer 32

Basophils and mast cells

Question 33

Which cells break down histamines and spray enzymes in a worm infection or parasites

Answer 33

Eosinophils

Question 34

Which cells lyse tumors and infected viral cells. Able to recognizes classes of cells and not specific type

Answer 34

Natural killer cells

Question 35

Rubor, tumor, dolor, and calor are symptoms sof what type of inflammatory response

Answer 35

Local

Question 36

What type of inflammatory response causes fever, increased neutrophil numbers and increased vascular permeability

Answer 36

Systemic

Question 37

What is the term for increased vascular permeability and increased blood flow

Answer 37

Chemotaxis

Question 38

Type of adaptive b cells

Answer 38

Humoral or antibody-mediated

Question 39

Describe the inflammatory response

Answer 39

Bacteria enters tissue, tissue damage occurs, chemical mediators are released, chemotaxis occurs, WBC numbers and chemical mediators increase at the site of damage where bacteria is contained destroyed and phagocytized

Question 40

Types of adaptive immunity cells

Answer 40

Humoral or antibody mediated B CELLS | Cell-mediated T cells

Question 41

What are two ways activation | _Of lymphocytes can occur

Answer 41

Antigenic receptors(t-cell receptors and b-cell receptors) OR major histocompatibility complex MHC

Question 42

Specific regions of a given antigen recognized by a lymphocyte

Answer 42

Antigenic determinants

Question 43

glycoproteins with a variable region that can bind to foreign and self antigens

Answer 43

MHC (Major histocompatibility complex)

Question 44

Displays a flag that says kill me

Answer 44

MHC class 1

Question 45

Displays a flag saying rally round the flag

Answer 45

MHC class 2

Question 46

MHC class 1 processing vs MHC class 2 processing

Answer 46

MHC 1 occurs within the cell where the protein is broken down into fragments and goes through the rough Er where the MHC 1 molecule is paired with antigen complex and transported by golgi to outside of the cell where it displays foreign antigen or self antigen MHC 2 is phagocytosis of a foreign antigen which is the broken down into processed foreign antigens and transported through the golgi where MHC 2 molecules combine with PFA where it travels to the membrane and is displayed as an antigen complex

Question 47

In order for B or T cells to produce a respond there must be

Answer 47

Binding of MHC 2 antigen complex to T cells | Costimulation

Question 48

Costimulation occurs by

Answer 48

``` Cytokines Surface molecules (B7 and CD28) ```

Question 49

What makes B7

Answer 49

Macrophages

Question 50

What makes CD28

Answer 50

Helper T cells

Question 51

State of unresponsiveness of lymphocytes to a specific antigen

Answer 51

Tolerance

Question 52

Antibody classes or Immunoglobins

Answer 52

IgG, igM, igA, igE, igD GAMED

Question 53

Part that combines with antigenic determinant of antigen

Answer 53

Variable region

Question 54

Responsible for activities of antibodies

Answer 54

Constant region

Question 55

Which ig class is most abundant

Answer 55

IgG

Question 56

Which ig class is responsible for glands

Answer 56

IgA

Question 57

Which ig class is least abundant

Answer 57

IgD

Question 58

Which ig class provide immune protection to the fetus and newborn

Answer 58

IgG

Question 59

Which ig class binds to mast cells and basophils

Answer 59

IgE

Question 60

Which ig class is resposible for reactions in the ABO blood system

Answer 60

IgM

Question 61

Action of antibodies

Answer 61

- inactivate antigens - bind antigens together - activate complement cascade - initiate release of inflammatory chemicals - facilitate phagocytosis

Question 62

What are cytotoxic cells function

Answer 62

Lyse virus infected cells | Produce cytokines

Question 63

Natural exposure to antigen

Answer 63

Active natural

Question 64

Vaccination

Answer 64

Active artificial

Question 65

Transfer of antibodies from a mother to her fetus or baby

Answer 65

Passive natural

Question 66

Transfer of antibodies from an immune animal to a non immune one

Answer 66

Passive artificial | Antiserum

Question 67

Antigen presenting cells

Answer 67

Dendrites Macrophages T cells