T3. Respiratory System

Question 1

Functions of the respiratory system

Answer 1

• Ventilation
• External Respiration
• Internal respiration
• Regulation of blood pH
• Production of chemical mediators
• Voice production
• Olfaction
• Protection

Question 2

Regions of the pharynx

Answer 2

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

Question 3

Unpaired cartilage which is Adam’s apple

Answer 3

Thyroid cartilage

Question 4

Base of larynx cartilage

Answer 4

Cricoid cartilage

Question 5

Which parts of the larynx maintain an open passageway for air movement

Answer 5

Thyroid and cricoid cartilage

Question 6

Which part of the larynx prevent material from moving into the larynx

Answer 6

Epiglottis and vestibular folds

Question 7

Which parts of the larynx are the primary source of sound production

Answer 7

Vocal folds

Question 8

Which part of the larynx traps debris preventing their entry into the lower respiratory tract

Answer 8

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 9

Trachea divides in the middle to form

Answer 9

Left and right primary bronchi and carina

Question 10

What is the site of gas exchange

Answer 10

Respiratory zone

Question 11

What removes debris in the bronchioles

Answer 11

Macrophages

Question 12

Three types of cells in the respiratory membrane

Answer 12

Type 1 pneumocytes
Type 2 pneumocytes
Dust cells

Question 13

Which cells are responsible for gas exchange in the respiratory membrane

Answer 13

Type 1 pneumocytes

Question 14

Which cells in the respiratory membrane are responsible for producing surfactants

Answer 14

Type 2 pneumocytes

Question 15

What type of cells are type 1 pneumocytes

Answer 15

Thin squamous epithelial

Question 16

Inspiration includes which parts of the body

Answer 16

Diaphragm, external intercostals, pectoral is minor, scalene

Question 17

Expiration includes which part of the body

Answer 17

Muscles that depress ribs and sternum, internal intercostals, and abdominal muscles

Question 18

Cells on the visceral pleura

Answer 18

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 19

Movement of air into and out of lungs

Answer 19

Ventilation

Question 20

Elastic fibers in the alveolar walls

Answer 20

Elastic recoil

Question 21

What reduces the tendency of lungs to collapse by reducing surface tension

Answer 21

Surfactant produced by type 2 pneumocytes

Question 22

Opening between pleural cavity and air that cause a loss of pleural pressure

Answer 22

Pneumothorax

Question 23

What can cause alveoli to expand

Answer 23

Negative pressure

Question 24

What is important in the diffusion of gases through respiratory membrane

Answer 24

• membrane thickness
• diffusion coefficient
• surface area
• partial pressure differences

Question 25

Where does oxygen diffuse to in pulmonary capillaries

Answer 25

Arterial ends

Question 26

Where does CO2 diffuse into during respiration

Answer 26

Alveoli

Question 27

Nephron parts

Answer 27

``` Boneless capsule Pct Duct Collecting duct Capillary duct Minor calyx Major calyx Ureter ```

Question 28

Liver functions

Answer 28

Store iron and glycogen Detoxification Inner conversion chemist Bile production - emulsifiers fats

Question 29

Part of lung adherent to it

Answer 29

Visceral pleura

Question 30

Part of lung adherent tp thoracic wall

Answer 30

Parietal pleura

Question 31

Acts as lubricant and helps two membranes close together

Answer 31

Pleural fluid

Question 32

Central region of body except for lungs

Answer 32

Mediastinum

Question 33

    Pressure and volume are respective at a certain temperature

Answer 33

Boyle’s law

Question 34

If barometric pressure Is greater than alveolar pressure, air flows into alveoli

Answer 34

D

Question 35

What exhibits the end of expiration

Answer 35

When the pressure in alveoli is 0

Question 36

Explain boyles law in respect to breathing

Answer 36

Pressure equals a constant temperature over volume At the end of expiration, the diaphragm is relaxed and the alveoli pressure is at zero because there is no air movement. During inspiration, the volume of the lungs increase, causing the alvoli pressure to be at -1. At the end, there is no air movement again causing the pressure tp go back down to one, and when expiration begins, the lungs contract which then increases the alvoli pressure to go up to +1

Question 37

The ease at which lungs expand

Answer 37

Compliance

Question 38

Air that is breathed In and out total

Answer 38

Tidal volume

Question 39

Total pressure os the sum of each invidivual pressures of each gas

Answer 39

Dalton law

Question 40

Concentrations of a gas in a liquid is determined by its partial pressure and solubility coefficient

Answer 40

Henrys law

Question 41

Principles of gas exchange

Answer 41

Membrane thickness Diffusion coefficient of gas Surface area Partial pressure differences

Question 42

Blood that is not completely oxygenated

Answer 42

Shunted blood

Question 43

Bicarbonate buff

Answer 43

CO2 + H2O H2CO3

Question 44

Dorsal and ventral

Answer 44

Medullary

Question 45

Pontine

Answer 45

Expiration inhalation

Question 46

Changes in CO2

Answer 46

Chemosenitive area

Question 47

Changes inpH

Answer 47

Carotid and aortic