T3. Population futures Flashcards
Explain how global environmental change is impacts on health
Ozone depletion (causing higher UV):
- Skin cancer = melanoma + non melanoma (1 million cases in 2018) - fastest growing cancer in past 50yrs, 80% of all skin cancer cases live in Australia
- Cataracts = eye disease causing cloudiness + blindness, depends on location (latitude + altitude), time of day (midday), sustained 10% ozone depletion could lead to 2million annual cases
Climate change:
- Causes rising temps (increasing allergens), weather events (flooding damaging food + water supplies), increased CO2 (vector ecology)
- Thermal stress damaging cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity + cold spells also damaging cardiovascular systems.
Explain the implications of the emergence of more vector borne diseases and how they impact on health?
- Malaria + Dengue fever = CC will improve conditions for mosquitos to spread
- Lyme Disease = common vector disease from deer and ticks – associated with warmer + humid conditions
- Zika Virus = specific mosquito, traditionally in Africa but has spread to S America + Caribbean in 2014/15 so precautions were taken at Rio 2016 Olympics
- West Nile virus = again spread by mosquitos and large outbreak in USA 1999
Explains how future changes will impact on agricultural productivity?
- Direct impacts = gains from mid/ low latitudes yields are likely to increase in northern regions like maize and soy + Permafrost melting causing more agricultural land to be available e.g. Siberia
- Indirect impacts = increase in pests + disease and changes in water availability e.g. Nile water wars
Explain how nutritional standards will be impacted by future changes?
- Developed regions = lowered nutritional standards due to disease with livestock + food prices
- Developing regions = more affluent + westernized diets
