T4 W4 (11.3.24) RM Flashcards
Enzymes
Why does some (bio) washing up powder contain enzymes?
To break down dirt such as crumbs, blood and grass faster, while allowing you to wash with lower temperature.
What are enzymes made of?
Protein
What is a catalyst?
A substance that speeds up the rate of reaction without being used up in the reaction- they remain unchanged. They do this by decreasing the energy required for a reaction to take place.
How does temperature affect the enzymes?
Higher temperature = higher kinetic energy in molecules = particles move around faster = more collision happening
How temperature effects rate of reactions with enzymes:
What is the optinum temperature? What does it mean for the enzymes?
[2 marks]
The optinum temperature is essentially the highest temperature the enzyme can work in without being denatured. This is when enzymes work the fastest
How temperature effects rate of reactions with enzymes:
What happens to the enzyme when the temperature is higher than the optinum?
They are denatured (they change shape). No product is produced and the enzyme won’t work anymore.
How temperature effects rate of reactions with enzymes:
What must the body do after an enzyme is denatured?
No product is produced and the enzyme won’t work anymore, so the body must produce more enzymes.
How temperature effects rate of reactions with enzymes:
What is the optinum temperature of enzymes?
What is it in humans?
Different enzymes have a different optinum.
The optinum temperature in human enzymes is 37 degrees
How temperature effects rate of reactions with enzymes:
What does the graph look like?
y- Rate of reactions
x- Temperature
Like a triangle with the hypotenuese going up
(Just text me if you don’t know what I mean 🙂)
How pH effects rate of reactions with enzymes:
What is the the optinum ph? How does it affect enzymes?
[2 marks]
Enzyme activity is at its maximum value at the optimum pH. It is essentially the highest value on the graph.
How pH effects rate of reactions with enzymes:
What happens when the the pH of enzymes in below or above the optinum?
The shape of the enzyme changes so that it is no longer complementary to its specific substrate. This effect can be permanent and irreversible and is called denaturation.
How pH effects rate of reactions with enzymes:
What is the optinum pH for enzymes?
What is it in humans?
Different enzymes have a different optinum pH
Even enzymes within the body have varying optinum pH’s
How pH effects rate of reactions with enzymes:
What does the graph look like?
y- Rate of reactions
x- pH (more acidic is on the left of the graph and more alkaline is on the right)
Like a mountain:
🔼
Amylase (type of carbohydrase)
What type of food does it digest? What is the product?
[2 marks]
Starch ➡️ Glucose
Amylase (type of carbohydrase)
Where is it produced?
[3 marks]
- Salivary glands
- Pancreas
- Small Intestine
