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Embryology > T5-Embryonic folding > Flashcards

T5-Embryonic folding Flashcards

1
Q

In longitudinal folding, ________ and ________end loop ventrally

A

cranial; caudal

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2
Q

Amniotic cavity pinches the_______ to create the ______

A

yolk sac; gut tube

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3
Q

Order of structures at day 21 (head fold; pre-fold)

A

developing heart is caudal to the septum transversum

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4
Q

Order of structures at day 26 (head fold; post-fold)

A

developing heart is cranial to the septum transversum

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5
Q

During longitudinal head folding, the ____________is folded into primative __________ tube with___________ membrane

A

local endoderm; foregut; oropharyngyeal

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6
Q

Direction of brain growth with longitudinal (head) folding

A

dorsally , cranially, ventrally

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7
Q

Direction of caudal emminence growth with longitudinal (tail) folding

A

dorsally, caudally, wraps ventrally

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8
Q

Location of primative streak pre-tail fold

A

cranial to cloacal membrane

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9
Q

Location of primative streak post-tail fold

A

caudal to cloacal membrane

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10
Q

Tail folding brings the ___________ ventrally

A

connecting stalk

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11
Q

During longitudinal tail-folding local endoderm is folded into ___________tube with ____________

A

primative hindgut; cloacal membrane

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12
Q

Transverse folding Lateral edges of ____________ loop _______ and eventually go towards the ___________ of the developing embryo

A

amniotic cavity; ventrally; center

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13
Q

Results of transverse folding

A

foregut and hind gut are folded into complete circles; midgut is not, and instead remains open to umbillical vessicle

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14
Q

In transverse folding local endoderm is folded into what?

A

primative midgut

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15
Q

What is the primative midgut connected to?

A

the remains of the secondary umbillical vessicle by the yolk stalk

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16
Q

At which directions is the gut tube a complete circle

A

cranially and caudally to the yolk stalk

17
Q

Which day is this?

A

Day 21

18
Q

Which day is this?

A

day 26

19
Q

Which day is this?

A

day 21

20
Q

Which day is this?

A

day 26

21
Q

Which day is this

A

Day 17

22
Q

Which day is this

A

day 19

23
Q

3 fates of the mesoderm

A

Paraxial mesoderm, intermediate mesoderm, lateral plate mesoderm

24
Q

Paraxial mesoderm

A

somites form in a craniocaudal direction as paired blocks of cells, flanking the notochord and neural tube

25
Q

Intermediate mesoderm

A

contributes to the formation of the urinary and reproductive systems

26
Q

Lateral Plate Mesoderm

A

Divided by intraembryonic coelom into intraembryonic somatic mesoderm and intraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm

27
Q

What will somites develop into

A

vertebrae

  • intervertebral discs
  • ribs
  • skeletal muscles of body walls and limbs
  • connective tissue of body wall
28
Q

Intraembryonic somatic mesoderm

A

supporting ectoderm

-contributes to connective tissue, blood vessels, and smooth muscle of body wall and limbs

29
Q

Intraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm

A

supporting endoderm, contributes to smooth muscles, blood vessels and connective tissue of GIT and associated organs

30
Q

Somatopleure

A

somatic mesoderm+ectoderm

31
Q

splanchnopleure

A

Splanchnic mesoderm+ endoderm

32
Q

Fate of ectoderm

A

neuroectoderm and surface ectoderm

33
Q

Fate of endoderm

A
  • epithelial lining of gastrointestinal tract
  • the secretory epithelial cells of liver, gall bladder and pancreas
  • epithelial lining of the respiratory system
34
Q

Methoods of estimation of embryonic age

A

Mesurement of length and counting of somites

35
Q

What is Greatest length (GL) used for

A

very early embryo’s prior to folding

36
Q

Common gynaecological clinical practice for measuring embryos

A

crown-rump length (CRL)

37
Q

Carnegie Embryonic Staging System

A

a 23 stage international system that enables comparisons based on intra and extra-embryonic development

Embryology (14 decks)

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