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tablets Flashcards

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1
Q

it is a compressed solid dosage form containing medicaments with or without Excipients.

A

Tablet

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2
Q

Tablet is the most popular dosage form. ___ total medicines are dispensed in the form of it.

A

70%

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3
Q

These are solid, flat or biconvex dishes, unit dosage form, prepared by compressing a drug or a mixture of drugs, with or without diluents.

A

Tablets

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4
Q

Advantages of Tablets (for patients)

A

✓ Easy to administer
✓ Unpleasant taste can be masked
✓ Accuracy in dose

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5
Q

Advantages of Tablets (manufacturer)

A

✓ Stable
✓ Economical
✓ Easiest and Cheapest to package and ship

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6
Q

Disadvantages of Tablets

A

• Challenging for children and unconscious patients.
• Compression problems with crystalline drugs.
• Unsuitable for hygroscopic drugs.
• Difficulties with slow-dissolving drugs.
• Added costs for taste masking through coating/encapsulation.

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7
Q

General Properties of Tablet Dosage Form

A

 Defect-free and elegant.
 Withstand shocks.
 Maintain physical and chemical integrity.
 Consistent medicinal agent release.

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8
Q

Types of Tablets

A

• Tablets ingested orally
• Tablets used in the oral cavities
• Tablets administered by other routes
• Tablets used to prepare solutions

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9
Q

Formed by compression and contain no special coating. It provides rapid disintegration in gastric fluid after ingestion, allowing for quick absorption of the dosage form.

Ex: Paracetamol & Aspirin

A

Compressed Tablet

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10
Q

Tablets made by more than one compression cycle.

A

Multiple Compressed Tablets

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11
Q

It is meant for administration by swallowing and are designed to by-pass the stomach and get disintegrated in the intestine only.

Ex: Bisacodyl tablet

A

Enteric coated Tablets

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12
Q

Containing a sugar coating. These are done to mask the bitter and unpleasant odour and the taste of the medicament.

Ex: Ascorbic Acid (Poten-Cee)

A

Sugar coated Tablets

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13
Q

Tablet that has a film coating of some polymer substance, such as hydroxy propyl cellulose. This protects the medicament from atmospheric effects.

Ex: Sildenafil (Viagra)

A

Film coated tablets

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14
Q

Tablets which are required to be broken and chewed in between the teeth before ingestion. These tablets should have very acceptable taste and flavour.

Ex: Simeticone (Restime)

A

Chewable tablets

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15
Q

Release the drug at a desired time and prolong the effect of the medicament.

This release the medicament in a sufficient quantity and as when required to maintain the maximum effective concentration of the drug in the blood throughout the period of treatment.
Ex: Diclofenac SR

A

Sustained action tablets

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16
Q

Tablets Ingested Orally

A

• Compressed Tablet
• Multiple Compressed Tablet
• Enteric Coated Tablet
• Sugar Coated Tablet
• Film Coated Tablet
• Chewable Tablet
• Sustained Action Tablet

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17
Q

Placed between the gum & cheek. This dissolves slowly & absorb directly.

Ex: Progesterone

A

Buccal Tablet

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18
Q

Placed under the tongue. This dissolves quickly and absorbed directly without passing into GIT
Ex: Nitroglycerin

A

Sublingual Tablet

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19
Q

This is designed to exert a local mouth or throat.
Ex: Strepsils

A

Lozenges

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20
Q

These are minor compressed tablet meant for placing them in the empty socket after tooth extraction. These cones enerally get dissolved in 20-40 minutes time

Ex. Advil

A

Dental Cones

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21
Q

Tablets Used in the Oral Cavities

A

• Buccal Tablet
• Sublingual Tablet
• Lozenges
• Dental Cone

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22
Q

This tablet placed below the skin or subcutaneouslyby means of a minor surgical operation and are slowly absorbed.

Ex: Prodetoxon

A

Implantation Tablet

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23
Q

This tablet are meant to dissolve slowly in vaginal cavity.

Ex: Clotrimaxole

A

Vaginal Tablet

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24
Q

Tablets Administered in Other Routes

A

Implantation Tablet
Vaginal Tablet

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25
This is meant to add in water. They dissolved rapidly in water due to the chemical reaction which takes place between alkali bicarbonate and citric acid. Ex: Ranitidine (Histac)
Effervescent Tablet
26
This is intended to a given volume of water to produce a solution of a given concentration. Ex: Enzyme tablet (Digiplex)
Dispensing Tablet
27
This is a compressed tablet that contains one or more dugs. It is dissolved in sterile water and administered parenterally.
Hypodermic Tablet
28
These are small cylindrical, moulded or compressed tablet which contains a potent medication with a diluent. Ex: Enzyme tablet (Digiplex)
Tablet Triturates
29
Tablets Used to Prepare Solutions
• Effervescent Tablet • Dispensing Tablet • Hypodermic Tablet • Tablet Triturates
30
- Fillers used to make the required bulk of the tablet - Provide better tablet properties such as improved cohesion
Diluent
31
The most widely used diluent for tablet formulation. It is obtained in hydrous and anhydrous form.
Lactose
32
Two grades of lactoses are commercially available:
60 to 80 mesh – coarse 80 to 100 mesh – regular grade
33
it has excellent compressibility properties
Spray Dried Lactose
34
Obtained from corn, wheat or potatoes and rice. It is occasionally used as a tablet diluent.
Starch
35
free-flowing, directly compressible starch. It is used as diluent, binder, and disintegrant.
Sta-Rx 1500
36
are two hydrolyzed starches – contains dextrose and maltose
Emdex and Celutab
37
Dextrose is Available in two forms:
- Hydrates - Anhydrous
38
- Its slow solubility, and its pleasant feeling in the mouth - Non-hygroscopic - Low calorie and non-carcinogenic.
Mannitol
39
separation of two or more distinct layers CAUSE: Air entrapment REMEDY: Increasing the density of granules
Lamination
40
partial or complete separation of the top or bottom of tablet CAUSE: Air entrapment REMEDY: Increasing the density of granules
Capping
41
tablet materials adhering to the die wall CAUSE: Excessive moisture REMEDY: Further drying
Sticking
42
portion of the surface of the tablet is removed CAUSE: punch tips have engraving or embossing, REMEDY:Lettering should be large as possible
Picking
43
unequal distribution of color on a tablet, CAUSE: improperly mixed dye REMEDY: Proper mixing
Mottling
44
It is widely used equipment in pharmaceutical industries mostly to pack tablet capsules & pills in aluminum foil and make them safe & ready to distribute in the market
Strip Packing Machine
45
It is produced by a thermoforming process. During the process, a plastic or aluminum foil sheet is heated and molded to form single or multiple bubbles or pockets known as blisters.
Blister Packaging
46
Consisting of a circular metal pan tilted at an angle of 30-45 degrees on a stand.
Standard Coating Pan
47
are the equipment that has a fully or partially perforated drum. • It rotates on the horizontal axis while the overall system remains enclosed. • For the effective coating there is a spraying nozzle in the machine.
Perforated Coating Pans
48
The test that is used to measure how thick the tablet is Ensure that the tablet is within a specific range
Tablet Thickness Test
49
also known as eccentric pressor single station press is the simpliest machine for tablet manufacturing • This machine uses single set of station tooling ( a die and a pair of upper and lower punches.)
Single Punch Tablet
50
Used in small batch production
Single Punch/ Single Station/ Eccentric Presses
51
✓ It measures the extent and rate of solution formation from a dosage form, such as tablet ✓ The dissolution of a drug is important for its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness.
Dissolution Tester
52
It is used to test the durability of tablets during packing processes and transit. ✓ This involves repeatedly dropping a sample of tablets over a fixed time, using a rotating drum with a baffle.
Friability Testing
53
✓ More correctly diametral/diametrical strength known as crushing ✓ Designed to detect breaking strength of tablets. ✓ It tests hardness value of tablets with specific tablet diameter and specific hardness range.
Tablet Hardiness Tester
54
A solid state instrument designed for the accurate estimation of disintegration time of tablets as per IP/USP standards. ✓ The instrument is designed to test two batches of six tablets, simultaneously. The unit is extremely useful for pharmaceutical industries.
Disintegration Tester
55
- It is used in large scale production unit. • In this machine 1200 tablets are prepared in one minute. • There are 70 sets of dies & punches.
Multi-Station / Rotary Presses
56
It is a process of producing granules generally. This process implies the techniques that are used to combine powdered particles to form relatively bigger ones called granules. this process is used for production of tablets.
Granulation
57
a process where no liquid component is used in the granule formation
Dry Granulation
58
the process where coating material is applied to the surface of the tablet to achieve the desired properties of dosage form over the uncoated variety.
Tablet Coating
59
manufacturing process directly compresses powdered materials into tablets without modifying physical properties
Direct Compression
60
The process in which formation of granules is done by adding a granulating liquid.
Wet Granulation
61
the different solid or powder ingredients are reduced to the same particle size since particles of different sizes will segregate while mixing
Pulverization and Mixing
62
the process in which primary powder particles are made to adhere to form large multi-particle entities.
Granulation
63
used to impart cohesive qualities to the powdered material
Binders and Adhesive
64
- Used for wet and dry granulation - Used for cutting and hammering of the substance. - Easy to operate and can work on variable speed.
Multi Mill
65
It is fast acting and rapidly removes moisture from powder particles to a level that is acceptable for tablet formulation.
Fluidized Bed Dryer
66
A high-pressure Hot air from the supply is passed through the perforated container containing wet granules.
Fluidized Bed Dryer
67
As the hot air passes through container granules start to suspend in the air to become dry (called a fluidized state), the process is called ___.
fluidization
68
Other name: Rotary granulator - Used for wet and dry granulation - Reduction of material through shear with few attrition.
Oscillating Granulator
69
Weighs in Kilogram
Bulk Weighing Balance
70
Weighs in Grams and mg
Electronic Weighing Balance
71
• Consists of two cone-shaped sections welded at their bases to a central cylindrical section. • Useful for mixing dry powder and granules for tablets formulation • Performs mixing, uniform blending and de-agglomeration functions.
Double-Cone Mixer
72
Normal cycle time is ___ and can be more or less depending upon the complexity of the material being mixed.
10 minutes
73
Other name: Twin Shell blender, V cone blender • Made up of 2 inclined cylinders that are welled together in a V- shape angle ranging 75 degrees to 90 degrees • Performs a 360-degree rotation
V-Blender
74
It is an optical isomer of mannitol Disadvantages: It is hygroscopic at humidities above 65%.
Sorbitol
75
Characteristics of binder
• Method-I - Used in dry form in the powder and then moistened with a solvent • Method-II - Often added in solution form • Method-III- MCC, microcrystalline dextrose, amylose, and PVP are utilized in the direct compression technique.

MANU (13 decks)

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