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Cardiovascular > Tachyarrhythmias > Flashcards

Tachyarrhythmias Flashcards

1
Q

Atrial Fibrillation - Causes

A

Electrolyte imbalance Sepsis PE Hyperthyroidism Cardiomyopathy

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2
Q

Atrial Fibrillation - Pathophysiology

A

Dilation of the atria with fibrosis and inflammation causes a difference in refractory periods within the atrial tissue and promotes electrical re-entry

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3
Q

Atrial Fibrillation - ECG

A

Absent P waves Irregularly irregular ventricular rate

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4
Q

Atrial Fibrillation - Management

A

Rate control - beta-blockers or digoxin in patients with CCF Rhythm control (cardioversion) - amiodarone Prophylaxis against thromboembolic complications depends on CHADSVASc score

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5
Q

Atrial Flutter - Causes

A

Left atrial enlargement Mitral valve disease Post cardiac surgery PE

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6
Q

Atrial Flutter - Clinical Presentation

A

Exercise intolerance Palpitations Fatigue Lightheadedness

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7
Q

Atrial Flutter - ECG

A

Too many P waves Saw-tooth atrial defections Possible 2:1 AV block

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8
Q

Atrial Flutter - Management

A

Rate control - beta-blockers or digoxin in patients with CCF Rhythm control (cardioversion) - amiodarone

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9
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia - Causes

A

IHD Cardiomyopathy Post-AMI Mitral valve prolapse Digoxin toxicity Electrolyte disturbances

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10
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia - Pathophysiology

A

Slow conduction due to damaged myocardium or scarring May progress to VF

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11
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia - ECG

A

Rapid, broad and abnormal QRS complexes

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12
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia - Management

A

Amiodarone or sodium channel blockers (lignocaine)

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13
Q

Ventricular Fibrillation - Causes

A

VT Idiopathic (Brugada syndrome)

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14
Q

Ventricular Fibrillation - ECG

A

Rapid, shapeless oscillations

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15
Q

Torsades de Pointes - Causes

A

Congenital AMI Electrolyte disturbances Drugs - Quinidine, Sotalol, Tricyclic antidepressants, Macrolides

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16
Q

Torsades de Pointes - ECG

A

Long QT interval Complete 180 degree twist of QRS complexes

17
Q

Torsades de Pointes - Management

A

Correct electrolyte disturbances Stop causative drugs Atrial or ventricular pacing and beta-blockers Magnesium sulphate IV isoprenaline

18
Q
A

AF

19
Q
A

Atrial flutter

20
Q
A

Ventricular tachycardia

21
Q
A

Torsades de Pointes

22
Q
A

Cardiovascular (17 decks)

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