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USHJA Horsemanship > Tack > Flashcards

Tack Flashcards

1
Q

Tongue

A

The pressure point required for flexion and yielding of jaw, chewing, activation of the salivary glands and production of foam.

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2
Q

Tongue sensitvity

A

More sensitive along the edges than the center

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3
Q

Bars

A

Pressure points that lead to flexion and yielding of the jaw and flexion of the poll. The bars are the most sensitive structures of the mouth

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4
Q

Corners of the mouth

A

Encourages extension of the head and neck and sometimes raises the head. The skin is flexible and
less sensitive than the tongue.

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5
Q

Palate (roof of the mouth)

A

Encourages the horse to open the mouth, tip the head or tuck its chin into its chest. This area
is less sensitive than the bars

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6
Q

Curb groove or chin groove

A

Located on the underside of the horse’s head where the lower lip meets the jaw. It is the location
of the mandible nerve, which is a large and very sensitive nerve that runs down the edge of the under part of the jaw and goes into the bone just above the chin.

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7
Q

Sides of jaw

A

Encourages the horse to turn away from lateral pressure

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8
Q

Bridge of nose

A

Encourages poll flexion. The bridge of the nose is a very complex, sensitive structure of bone and cartilage
that is easily damaged.

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9
Q

Poll

A

Encourages the lowering of the head. The poll area needs to be handled with care as all mechanical control relies on some form of bridle fitting partially or fully to the poll region.

Poll pressure by itself is not very significant.

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10
Q

Direct pressure

A

One pound of pressure on the reins equals one pound of pressure in the mouth

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11
Q

Leverage

A

This multiplies the pressure.

Factors include length of shank, tightness of curb chain and ratio of upper shank to lower shank.

The greater the leverage, the more severe the pressure

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12
Q

Mouthpiece

A

: A thicker mouthpiece spreads pressure over a wide area while a thinner mouthpiece concentrates the pressure

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13
Q

Mouthpiece surface

A

Smooth mouthpieces are the gentlest. Twisted, corkscrew, wire or sharp edge mouth pieces are more
severe

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14
Q

Auxillay equipment

A

Nosebands and martingales make bits more severe by limiting the horse’s options

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15
Q

Snaffle bit

A

Direct pressure, non-leverage bits.

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16
Q

Snaffle action

A

tongue, lips and bars.

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17
Q

Common snaffle cheeks (4)

A

D-ring
Eggbutt
Full
Loose

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18
Q

D-ring snaffle

A

Has slight lateral pressure.

Fixed mouthpiece

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19
Q

Eggbutt snaffle

A

Prevents lips from being pinched.

Fixed mouthpiece

Not seen much in hunter ring

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20
Q

Full snaffle

A

Helps with lateral guidance.

Fixed mouthpiece.

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21
Q

Loose-ring snaffle

A

Mouthpiece is loose and rotates on ring

Can pinch

Allows horse to set the mouthpiece for its comfort level

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22
Q

Corkscrew mouthpiece

A

Tight corkscrew twist.

Stronger than a twist

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23
Q

Double wire mouthpiece

A

Two mouthpieces made of thin twisted wire

Each mouthpiece has a joint and the joints are asymmetrical

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24
Q

Dr. Bristol mouthpiece

A

Rectangular plate in center of mouthpiece

Plate is at 45 degree angle, rests on tongue

Two joints

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25
French link mouthpiece
Small bone-shaped plate in center of mouthpiece Plate is not at angle Two joints
26
Hollow mouth
Mouthpiece is hollow and wide. Also extremely light
27
Keys mouthpiece
Used to accustom young horses to the bit Several keys dangling from mouthpiece for horse to mouth and consequently accept the bit
28
Mullen mouthpiece
No joints. Curved to follow inside of horses mouth
29
Port mouthpiece
Mouthpiece with hump in the middle Low port can relieve tongue pressure High port can act as fulcrum and sometimes hit in the palate
30
Roller mouthpiece
Rollers on the mouthpiece move with tongue pressure from the horse. The rollers encourage a horse to mouth the bit and make it difficult for the horse to grab hold of the bit Generally single joint
31
Single-jointed mouthpiece
Can exert a nutcracker effect on the horse’s palate. Horses with a low palate may be more comfortable in a multi-joint bit
32
Single wire mouthpiece
A thin twisted wire with one joint
33
Twist (slow or sharp)
A bit with either a gentle or sharp twist to the mouthpiece. The slow twist is stronger than a plain snaffle and a sharp twist is stronger than a slow twist. The edge of the twist can make either bit more severe
34
Pelham
work from a combination of leverage and pressure
35
Pelhams action
corners of the mouth when the snaffle rein is used on the poll and curb groove when the curb rein is used
36
Curb bit
Leverage bit. When used with small bridoon (snaffle) they form a full bridle (Weymouth)
37
Gag action
When pressure is placed on the gag rein, the bit rotates and slides upward, causing pressure on the poll and the corners of the mouth.
38
Hackamore action
pressure on the bridge of nose and the chin groove
39
Leverage/mechanical hackamore
Noseband, curve strap, and metal shanks Encourages poll flexion but not good at turning horse
40
Non-leverage hackamore
Noseband with rings attached for reins Only works on pressure on bridge of nose Better at turning
41
Bell boots
Used on the front legs to protect the horse from an overreach or grab. These rubber or plastic boots come in pull-on or Velcro varieties
42
Galloping boots
Used on the front legs to protect the splint and tendon areas. They offer more protection than splint boots. They may be made out of leather or synthetic materials
43
Hind boots
Used on the hind legs to provide the hind ankles with protection from the opposite leg interfering and traveling too close. May be made out of leather or synthetic materials
44
Open front boots
Used on the front legs to protect the horse’s tendons and provide support while jumping. The front of the leg is left unprotected so the horse can feel if it rubs the jump
45
Scalper or grab boots
Used on the front feet to protect the horse from an overreach or grab. These rubber boots pull on and have a narrow piece of rubber across the front of the foot. They fit much more tightly than bell boots
46
Shipping boots
Used on all four legs to provide protection without support. They are suitable for short trips
47
Splint or tendon boots
Used on the front legs to protect the splint and tendon areas. They can be made out of leather or synthetic materials.
48
Hunting breastplate
Features a yoke and girth strap, which attaches to the girth between the front legs. Straps attach from rings on either side of the withers to the saddle “dees” or to a nylon and leather strap around the stirrup bars
49
Breast collar or polo breastplate
A strap that runs from one side of the girth to the other across the horse’s chest. A strap across the withers stabilizes the breast collar and stops it from slipping down
50
Elastic breast girth
Similar to a breast collar except it attaches to the saddle “dees” or stirrup bars by means of a nylon and leather strap. It should fit snugly but not tightly across the base of the horse’s neck
51
Irish martingale
A short strap with a ring at either end. This martingale is worn under the neck. The reins are passed through the rings. The martingale prevents the reins from coming over the head. This martingale is usually seen only in racing
52
Bib martingale
Usually used in racing, it resembles a running martingale with a solid piece of leather between the branches. It keeps the horses from getting caught on the branches of the martingale
53
Cruppers
used on mutton withered horses and very fat ponies to keep the saddle from slipping forward over the withers. The strap passes around the dock and back to a “T” that fits into the saddle gullet or a fastening point on the cantle of the saddle.
54
Gullet
The channel that runs down the length of the underside | of the saddle
55
Saddle flap
The wide piece of leather where the rider’s legs rest
56
Stirrup bar
The piece of metal riveted to the tree for the purpose | of attaching the stirrup leathers
57
Saddle skirt
The small flap of leather just below the pommel. The stirrup bars are located under the skirt
58
Tree
The structure on which the saddle is built.
59
Saddle panel
The under part of the saddle that sits on the horse’s back. The panel may be stuffed with wool or foam. Wool stuffing (flocking) can be customized to a horse’s back. Foam cannot be customized.
60
Pommel
The front arch of a saddle
61
Cantle
Back of saddle
62
Seat
Place where rider sits
63
Twist
The narrowest part of the seat, where it meets the pommel
64
Knee roll
The extra padding on the front face of the flap
65
Blocks
The small pieces of leather under the knee roll or behind | the rider’s thigh to aid in stability when riding
66
Point pocket
The place where the tree inserts into the leather of | the saddle.
67
Kineton noseband
Used for hard pullers, this noseband resembles the drop noseband when seen from the front but has the addition of two metal loops on the side

USHJA Horsemanship (16 decks)

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