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TANNIN Flashcards

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1
Q

The term Tannin was first applied by _____ in _____ to denote substances present in plant extracts which were
able to combine with protein of animal hides, prevent their putrefaction and convert them into leather.

A

SEGUIN (1796)

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2
Q

was first applied by Seguin in 1796 to
denote substances present in plant extracts which were able to combine with protein of animal hides, prevent their putrefaction and convert them into leather.

A

TANNIN

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3
Q

Is a substance which is detected qualitatively by a Tannin Test (Goldbeater’s Skin Test) and is determined
quantitatively by its absorption on standard hide powder.

A

TANNINS

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4
Q

Tannin is a substance which is detected qualitatively by a ________ and is determined quantitatively by its absorption on standard hide powder.

A

TANNIN TEST ( GOLDBEATER’S SKIN TEST)

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5
Q

Many tannins are ______

A

GLYCOSIDES

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6
Q

Are source of fruit acids (Glycolic, Lactic, Mandelic, Malic, Tartaric and Citric acid)

A

TANNINS

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7
Q

Tannins are a source of fruit acids.

A

GLYCOLIC
LACTIC
MANDELIC
MALIC
TARTARIC
CITRIC ACID

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8
Q

Found in immature fruits

A

TANNINS

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9
Q

Found in specific plant parts (leaves, fruits, barks or stems)

A

TANNINS

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10
Q

Found in great quantities in dead or drying cells.

A

TANNINS

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11
Q

Occur in solution in cell sap, often in distinct vacuoles.

A

TANNINS

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12
Q

❑ Plant polyphenols
❑ “Tannin Extracts”
❑ Non-crystallizable
❑ Complex substance– a mixture of polyphenols and
non-crystallizable compounds
❑ Precipitate proteins
❑ Sharp “puckering” taste

A

TANNINS

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13
Q

a mixture of polyphenols and
non-crystallizable compounds

A

COMPLEX SUBSTANCE

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14
Q

This may be hydrolyzed by acids
or enzymes such as Tannase.

A

HYDROLYSABLE TANNINS

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15
Q

Hydrolysable Tannins may be hydrolyzed by acids or enzymes such as _____.

A

TANNASE

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16
Q

They form several molecules of phenolic acids as Gallic acid and Hexahydroxy-diphenic acid which are united by
ester linkages to a central glucose molecules.

A

HYDROLYSABLE TANNINS

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17
Q

They form several molecules of phenolic acids as _______ and ________ which are united by
ester linkages to a central glucose molecules.

A

GALLIC ACID
HEXAHYDROXY-DIPHENIC ACID

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18
Q

dry distillation, Gallic acid and similar components are converted to Pyrogallol.

A

FORMERLY KNOWN AS PYROGALLOL TANNINS

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19
Q

When treated with acids/enzymes– phenolic acids (Gallic acid, Ellagic Acid and Glucose)

A

HYDROLYSABLE TANNINS

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20
Q

Phenolic acids

A

GELLIC ACID
ELLAGIC ACID
GLUCOSE

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21
Q

Gallic acid

A

GALLITANNINS

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22
Q

Hexahydroxy-diphenic acid units

A

ELLAGITANNINS

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23
Q

Hydrolysable Tannins
(Ferric chloride)

A

BLUE

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24
Q

Hudrolysable Tannins
(Bromides)

A

No Precipitate

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25
Condensed Tannins (Proanthocyanidins, Polyflavonoid, Catechol-type, Pyrocatecollic-type tannins)
NON-HYDROLYSABLE TANNINS
26
Are not readily hydrolyzed to simpler molecules and they do not contain a sugar moiety.
NON-HYDROLYSABLE TANNINS
27
Are related to the Flavonoid pigments and have polymeric Flavan-3-ol structures
NON-HYDROLYSABLE TANNINS
28
Catechins which also occur with the tannins and Flavan in the biosynthesis of the molecules..
NON-HYDROLYSABLE TANNINS
29
When treated with acids/enzymes– converted into red insoluble compounds known as Phlobaphenes– give the characteristic color to many drugs (red cinchona bark)
NON-HYDROLYSABLE TANNINS
30
When subjected to dry distillation
CATECHOL CALLED AS CATECHOL TANNINS
31
Non-hydrolysable tannins (Ferric Chloride)
Greenish
32
Non-hydrolysable tannins (Bromides)
PRECIPITATE
33
Are compounds of lower molecular weight than true tannins and they do not respond to the Goldbeater’s skin test
PSEUDOTANNINS
34
It occur with the tannins
CATECHINS
35
It occur in the biosynthesis of the molecules
FLAVAN
36
It give characteristic color to many drugs (red cinchona bark)
PHLOBAPHENES
37
When subjected to dry distillation
CATECHOL CALLED AS CATECHOL TANNINS
38
Form by either linkages between two or more molecules of Phenolic acid:
DIGALLIC CHLOROGENIC ACID
39
Derivatives of Falavan:
CATECHINS/CATECHOLS
40
Rhubarb and most materials which contains gallitannins
GALLIC ACID
41
Catechu, Acacia cutch, Kino, Cocoa, Guarana
CATECHINS
42
Unroasted coffee, Nux vomica
CHLOROGENIC ACID
43
Ipecacuanha
IPECACUANHA ACID
44
Examples of Catechins:
CATECHU ACACIA CUTCH KINO COCOA GUARANA
45
Examples of Chlorogenic Acid:
UNROASTED COFFEE NUX VOMICA
46
Color obtained in Pseudotannins
CATECHOL TANNINS PYROGALLOL TANNINS
47
Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannin (Heated)
CATECHOL
48
Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannin (Boiled with HCL)
INSOLUBLE RED PHLOBAPHENES
49
Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannin (Treated with FeCL3 T.S.)
GREEN COLOR
50
Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannin (Treated with Bromine T.S.)
FORMED PRECIPITATE
51
Examples of Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannin
KINO GAMBIR
52
Pyrogallol Tannins (Heated)
Pyrogallol
53
Pyrogallol Tannins (Boiled with HCL)
GALLIC ACID/ELLAGIC ACID
54
Pyrogallol Tannins (Treated with FeCL3 T.S.)
BLUE COLOR
55
Treated with Bromine T.S.
NO PRECIPITATE
56
Examples of Pyrogallol Tannins
NUT GALL, OAK BARK, POMEGRANATE BARK
57
Uses or Pseudotannins:
ANTISEPTIC ASTRINGENT ANTIDOTE FOR ALKALOIDAL POISONING PRESERVATIVE ON LEATHER LABORATORY REAGENT FOR PROTEIN AND ALKALOID IDENTIFICATION INK INDUSTRIES
58
CAUTION: CARCINOGENIC POTENTIAL
59
Other therapeutic activities of Pseudotannins (Antioxidants)
LEUCOANTHOCYANIDINS PROANTHOCYANIDINS PYCNOGENOL
60
Grape seeds
VITIS VINIFERA
61
Needles and barks of pine trees
PINUS PINASTER
62
7 tests for Pseudontannins:
SOLUBILITY REACTION WITH FERRIC SALTS GOLDBEATER’S SKIN TEST PHENAZONE TEST GELATIN TEST TEST FOR CATECHIN TEST FOR CHLOROGENIC ACID
63
Plants rich sources of tannins: Flowers
LIME HAWTHORN
64
Flowers Rich Sources Of Tannins: Fruits
CANBERRY GRAPES HAWTHORN
65
Flowers Rich Sources Of Tannins: SEEDS
ARECA CACAO GUARANA KOLA
66
Flowers Rich Sources Of Tannins: Leaves
HAMAMELIS HAWTHORN
67
Are classified to Polyhedric phenol from which they derived:
GALLITANNINS (GALLIC ACID) ELLIGITANNINS (HEXAHYDROXY-DIPHENIC ACID)
68
Plants Rich Source of Tannins: (BARKS)
ACACIA CINNAMON HAMAMELIS OAK WILLOW WILD CHERRY
69
Plants Rich Source of Tannins: (Roots and Rhizomes)
KRAMERIA MALE FERN
70
Plants Rich Source of Tannins: (Extracts and Dried Juices)
ACACIA CATECHU MANGROVE EAST INDIAN KINO EUCALYPTUS KINO BUTEA GUM
71
8 Plant Families of Tannins
COMBRETACEAE -QUISQUALIS GERANIACEAE - GERANIUMS LEGUMINOSAE - ACACIA, TAMARIND MYRTACEAE - EUCALYPTUS, GUAVA POLYGONACEAE - BUCKWHEAT ROSACEAE - RED ROSE RUBIACEAE - GAMBIR THEACEAE - TEA
72
Quisqualis
COMBRETACEAE
73
Geraniums
GERANIACEAE
74
Acacia and Tamarind
LEGUMINOSAE
75
Eucalyptus and Guava
MYRTACEAE
76
Buckwheat
POLYGONACEAE
77
Red Rose
ROSACEAE
78
Gambir
RUBIACEAE
79
Tea
THEACEAE
80
High rates of oral esophageal cancer in India and South Africa.
HABITUAL CHEWING OF BETEL NUTS
81
Lower incidence of esophageal cancer in British than Dutch
ORDINARY DRINKING OF TEA

PPC MIDTERM (4 decks)

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