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TANNINS Flashcards

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1
Q

Historically, _____ are related to their _____ i.e. their ability to transform fresh hides into ______.

A

tannin containing drugs; tanning property; imputrescible leather

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2
Q

TRADITIONAL APPLICATIONS OF TANNINS:

A

Pharmacological and medicinal
Nutritional
Veterinarian

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3
Q

Pharmacological and medicinal applications of tannins:

A

Treatment of different affections: Gastrointestinal, Respiratory, Urinary, Inflammatory, Skin problems, Sexual diseases, etc.

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4
Q

Nutritional applications of tannins:

A

Food ingredients of different dishes, revitalizing agents and food supplements, etc.

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5
Q

Vetirinarian applications of tannins:

A

Animal feed, treatment of fever, urinary, and gastrointestinal disorders, parasites, external application on wounds, etc.

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6
Q

one of the secondary metabolites

A

Tannins

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7
Q

responsible for pharmacologic and therapeutic effects

A

Active constituents

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8
Q

pagawaan ng leather

A

Tannery

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9
Q

Tannins - when put into the skin of the animals it will convert to

A

leather

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10
Q

Tannins- ____ compounds

A

polyphenolic

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11
Q

have antimicrobial property

A

Glycoside with phenol/ phenol with compounds

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12
Q

Action of alcohol to skin

A

Precipitation of proteins

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13
Q

Precipitation of proteins

A

astringent property

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14
Q

Difficult to separate because they

A

don’t crystallize

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15
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF TANNINS test is based on?

A

Goldbeaters skin test

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16
Q

Positive result for Goldbeaters skin test:

A

True tannin

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17
Q

Negative result for Goldbeaters skin test:

A

Pseudotannin

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18
Q

Upon knowing the characteristic of tannins, what is the logical positive result with Goldbeaters skin test?

A

Brown or Black (the color of leather)

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19
Q

It is called skin test because it is tested in the _____, _____ result.

A

intestine of the ox; brown to black color

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20
Q

pseudotannins are nedative result but are still?

A

Polyphenolic

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21
Q

Goldbeater’s skin test

A
  1. Soak a small piece of goldbeater’s skin in 2% hydrochloric acid
  2. Rinse with distilled water and place in the solution to be tested for 5 min.
  3. Wash with distilled water and transfer to a 1% solution of ferrous sulfate.
  4. A brown or black color on the skin denotes the presence of tannins.
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22
Q

is a membrane prepared from the intestine of the ox and behaves similarly to an untanned hide.

A

Goldbeater’s skin

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23
Q

Goldbeater’s skin is a membrane prepared from the ______ and behaves similarly to an ______.

A

intestine of the ox; untanned hide

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24
Q

general test for tannins

A

Goldbeater’s skin test

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25
True tannins classifications are:
Hydrolysable tannins Non-hydrolysable tannins
26
have sugar component and phenolic acid, and they’re converted into gallic acid
Hydrolysable tannins
27
Hydrolysable tannins- have ____ and _____, and they’re converted into ____
sugar component; phenolic acid; gallic acid
28
Synonym of hydrolysable tannins-
Pyrogallol tannins
29
Hydrolysable tannins lagyan ng HCl or HSO4 product ay _____
gallic acid and ellagic acid
30
Hydrolysable tannins lagyan ng ____/____ product ay gallic acid and ellagic acid
HCl or HSO4
31
These are esters of sugars and phenolic acid molecules.
HYDROLYSABLE TANNINS
32
Hydrolysable tannins exmaple:
1. Myrobalan (Terminalia chebula Combretaceae) 2. Bahera (Terminalia belerica Combretaceae) 3. Witch hazel (hamamelidaceae) 4. Trigalloyl glucose
33
source of gallic acid
Rhubarb
34
part of rhubarb
Rhizome
35
Rhubarb- _____ glycoside
anthraquinone
36
Phenolic acids:
Gallic acid or Ellagic acid
37
Gallic acid examples:
Rhubarb Gall Clove
38
Ellagic acid examples:
Pomegranate Eucalyptus
39
Gallic acid tannin?
Gallotannins
40
Ellagic acid tannins?
Ellagitannins
41
Phenolic Acids on dry distillation are converted to _____ derivatives.
PYROGALLOL
42
Pyrogallol structure?
benzene ring with 3 hydroxyl groups attached sequentially
43
The hydrolysable tannins are soluble in water and their solution produces a _____ with ferric chloride.
blue color
44
The hydrolysable tannins are soluble in water and their solution produces a blue color with
ferric chloride.
45
Are hydrolysable tannins soluble or insoluble in water?
Soluble
46
kapag kinagat ng insect yung plant mamamaga tapos magfoform ng
Gall
47
Gall- kapag kinagat ng insect yung plant mamamaga tapos magfoform ng gall and form _____ which is a rich source of _____.
gallic acid; tannins
48
(+) result turns blue
Kasuy leaves
49
CONDENSED TANNINS aka:
Proanthocyanidins
50
CONDENSED TANNINS consist of _____ linked together by carbon-carbon bonds
flavan-3-ol units
51
CONDENSED TANNINS They consist of flavan-3-ol units linked together by carbon-carbon bonds most often?
4→8 or 4→6
52
Example of non-hydrolysable tannin:
Flavonoid trimer
53
Condensed tannins occur due to ____ (______) reactions between _____.
polymerization; condensation; flavonoids
54
Condensed tannins: The polymers may include up to ______
50 monomer units of flavonoids
55
On treatment with acids or enzymes condensed tannins are converted into _____ compounds known as _____.
red insoluble; phlobaphenes
56
_____give the characteristic red colour to many drugs such as _____.
phlobaphenes; red cinnamon bark
57
On dry distillation, condensed tannins yield ____ derivatives.
CATECHOL
58
Catechol structure:
benzene ring with 2 hydroxyl group attached sequentially
59
Condensed tannins are also soluble in water and produce _____ with ferric chloride.
green color
60
Condensed tannin- also called
catechol tannins
61
catechin -
Flavan 3-ol
62
Hydrolytic agent-
Acid,bases. Enzyme.
63
product of polymerization of tannins (red color)
Phlobaphene
64
Ink color - reaction of tannins to
iron salts
65
General test for CONDENSED TANNINS
Match Stick Test
66
Match Stick Test procedure:
A match stick is dipped in tannin extract followed by HCl & warmed near a flame it turns pink in colour
67
Match Stick Test Upon hydrolysis of the tannins due to ____, _____ is formed which reacts with the ____ of the wood to produce the ____.
HCl; phloroglucinol; lignin; pink colour
68
Pink color- presence of
catechol tannins- have lignin
69
They are compounds of lower molecular weight than true tannins and they do not respond to the goldbeater's skin test.
PSEUDOTANNINS
70
Examples of drugs containing Pseudotannins are:
-Gallic acid: Rhubarb -Catechins:Guarana, Cocoa -Chlorogenic acid: Mate, Coffee -Ipecacuanhic acid: ipecacuanha
71
Tannins are soluble in
water, dilute alkalis, alcohol, glycerol and acetone
72
Tannins are sparingly soluble in
other organic solvents
73
Solutions precipitate
heavy metals, alkaloids, glycosides and gelatin.
74
Tannins acts as?
preservatives because of its antiseptic qualities
75
ability to precipitate the protein in the bacteria, para d mag cause ng spoilage, can also precipitate heavy metals
Preservative
76
tannins are antidote for?
Heavy metal poisoning, alkaloid poisoning
77
USES OF TANNINS industrially
leather tanning, ink ( reaction of iron salts) manufacture
78
USES OF TANNINS medicinally
astringent, haemostatic, antidiarrheal, antidote in alkaloid and heavy metals toxicity
79
USES OF TANNINS in laboratory:
reagent for detection of proteins, alkaloids and heavy metals because of their precipitating properties
80
fruits with astringent property:
Apple, guava
81
HYDROLYSABLE TANNINS EXAMPLES
1. SWITCH HAZEL / HAZEL NUT / SNAPPING NUT 2. NUTGALLS
82
SWITCH HAZEL / HAZEL NUT / SNAPPING NUT BIOLOGICAL SOURCE: Family: Uses:
leaves of Hamamelis virginiana Hamamelidaceae 1.astringent 2.It is incorporated in hemorrhoidal products 3.Preparations for treating insect bites and stings and even teething preparations
83
(With Witch Hazel Extract)
Celeteque Toner
84
tannin na present sa switch hazel
Hamamelitannin
85
NUTGALLS BIOLOGICAL SOURCE: Family: WASP:
gall wasps Quercus infectoria (plant) fagaceae Cynips tinctoria (Cynipdae)
86
NUTGALLS principal constituent: Other constituents:
tannic acid (50-70%) gallic acid, 2 to 4% Ellagic acid, Starch, Resin
87
NUTGALLS USES:
1. chief source of tannic acid 2. tanning and dying industry 3. astringent property
88
CONDENSED TANNINS example:
BLACK CATECHU
89
BLACK CATECHU Biological source: Family: Uses:
Heart wood of Acacia catechu/ Acacia chundra leguminosae Astringents, treatment of ulcers, diarrhea, & in tanning industry.
90
ALLIED PRODUCTS:
1. Tannic Acid/Gallotannic Acid/ Tannin 2. Chinese galls / Japanese galls
91
a tannin usually obtained from nutgall.
Tannic Acid/Gallotannic Acid/ Tannin
92
Tannic Acid/Gallotannic Acid/ Tannin a tannin usually obtained from?
nutgall
93
Tannic Acid/Gallotannic Acid/ Tannin The powdered galls are extracted with a mixture of ether, alcohol, and water and the liquid separates into two layers: give the distinction
1. aqueous layer contains gallotannin 2. ethereal layer contains free gallic acid.
94
is not a single homogenous compound but is a mixture of ____ with ____ whose exact composition varies according to its source
esters of gallic acid; glucose; tannic acid
95
Tannic acid occurs as
amorphous powder, glistening scales, or spongy masses that are light brown to yellowish white.
96
Tannic Acid/Gallotannic Acid/ Tannin uses:
astringent
97
Chinese galls Scientific name: Family: other info:
Rhus chinensis Anacardiaceae Melaphis chinensis Pemphigidae
98
Example of honhydrolysable tannin: Non-hydrolysable tannin forms: Tannin with phenols: Tannin esterified with glucose:
Catechin Phlobaphenes Hydrolysable tannins Hydrolysable tannins
99
2 tannins: Hydrolysable aka: on-hydrolysable aka: Condensed tannin: Different colors in ferric chloride- condensed (____), hydrolysable (____) product of nonhydrolysable tannin: precipitation, parehas dapat mag precipitate:
1. hydrolysable and non hydrolysable 2. Pyrogallol 3. Catechol 4. catechin 5. green; blue 6. Phlobaphene 7. Gelatin test

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