Target Analisys Flashcards by Alex Davis

What are the main types of targets
frequently engaged by fire?

Vehicles
Complex
People
Equipment
Aircraft
Structures
(VCPEAS)

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What are the three damage level that are usually considered?

Disablement
Destruction
Neutralisation
(DDN)

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What are the principal types of material found around the battlefield?

-Aircraft on the ground
-Soft skinned vehicles
-Storage dumps/maintenance areas
-Electronic and communication equipment
(ASSE)

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What are the types of aircraft in flight?

Fast moving
Slow moving
Helicopters

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In development and production, weapon systems must be what?

Simple
Easy to inspect
Easy to make
Safe to transport, store and handle

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What are the two ways to produce energy for conventional attacks on targets?

Kinetic Energy (KE)
- Long rod penetrator (APFSDS).
Chemical Energy (CE)
- Shaped charge (HEAT)
- Scabbing effect (HESH)
- Explosively Formed Projectile (EFP)

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What are the basic techniques in the design of warheads for attack on Aircraft?

Shaped charges (EFPs)
Overpressure (Blast)
Kinetic energy (bullets or fragmenting warheads)
Special kinetic energy (continuous rod)
(SOKS)

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What are these acronyms ?
PK, PH, PR, PL

P K = Probability of a Kill
P H = Probability of a Hit
P R = Reliability of the weapon system
P L = Lethality of the warhead or ammunition

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What are the types of armour?

Rolled Homogeneous Armour (RHA)
Spaced Homogenous
Ply
Face hardened
Explosive Reactive Armour (ERA)
Composite (Chobham)
Slat (Bar)

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What is the tank damage criteria M F K?

M - Mobility kill
F - Firepower kill
K - Completely destroyed

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What is the damage assessment criteria F and P for APC and MICV?

F - Firepower kill
P - Payload kill

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What are the types of shot failure?

Barrelling
Shattering
Lateral bending

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What are some of the ways to increase penetration?

Rocket Assistance
Improve Steadiness of Shot
Lengthen the Projectile
Lengthening of Barrel
Segmented Long Rod Penetrators

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What are the factors that affect shaped charges?

Shape of Liner
Rate of Spin
Cone Diameter
Liner Material
Stand-Off Distance

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What are some behind armour effects?

Luminescence
Scabbing
Heat / Fires
Overpressure
(HOLS)

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What are some of the methods of delivery against armour?

Guns
Grenades
Mines
Aircraft bombs
Missiles

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What is the damage criteria for aircraft?
(KK,K,A,B,C,E)

-KK Kill, The target suffers immediate and catastrophic disintegration.
-K Kill, The target is destroyed in less than 10 secs
-A Kill, The target is destroyed in less than 5 mins.
-B Kill, The target is defeated in less than 5 hours.
-C Kill, The target’s mission is not achieved (mission
-E Kill, The target may complete its mission but needs repair before it can fly again.

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In the air craft damage criteria what do the following acronyms mean?

-FT
-CT
-ET

FT - Flight Kill.
CT - Continuance Kill.
E - Effectiveness Kill.

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What are the vulnerable areas of an aircraft?

Structural Attack
-Air frame
-People, the aircrew
-Fuel cells/tanks & lines
-Engines
Power transmission systems
Flight controls
Avionics
Bomb load / Pay load

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How do you reduce vulnerable areas in aircraft?

Armouring
Burying sensitive components
Concentrating sensitive components
Duplicating components
Separating components
Self sealing fuel tanks

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What effects does altitude have on weapon systems?

Density
Attenuation
Miss Distance
Altitude increases/warhead increases

What are 7 types of warheads used to attack aircraft?

Blast
Fragmentation
Fragmentation plus blast
Special kinetic energy
Shaped charges
Sub projectiles
Cluster

What are the types of damage on personnel?

Physical
Mental

What is the most efficient mode of attack on personnel?

High probability of a hit
Rapid transfer of energy
No unnecessary overkill

What is the most common way of transferring energy to personnel?

Fragmentation

How do you control the size of the fragmentation?

Case material Thickness of the wall Quantity and position of explosive Velocity of detonation

How do you control the velocity of the fragmentation?

Amount of explosive behind the fragment wall Charge density Velocity of detonation Density of the wall material

Describe a Complex target

Targets that have several different elements, generally people in combination with other types target.

What is the probability Product Rule ?

PK = PH x PR x PL

What were the first weapons designed for attack on Armour ?

Large calibre rifles with hardened projectiles Concentrated Machine gun fire 6 Grenades tied together Early blast mines Flame throwers

What are the major fragment producers?

Generic HE Pre notched containers Pre formed fragments

What is the general principle of a HESH round ?

When the primary shock wave meets the reboundary tension wave at a greater strength a large scab is detached from the rear of the impact surface.

What are the two catergories of wounds?

Mild and Severe

What is the definition of an Explosive ?

An explosive substance made with a view of producing an explosion or pyrotechnic effect.

Describe deflagration -

Technical term describing SUBSONIC combustion that usually propagates through thermal conductivity.

Describe detonation -

Involves a SUPERSONIC exothermic front that drives a shock front directly in front of it.

What are the three phases of blast ?

Shock Front Positive Phase Negative Phase

What are the three types of explosions?

Physical Chemical Nuclear

Describe Brisance -

The shattering effect of explosives.

What are the four types of blast pressure?

Dynamic Pressure Incident Pressure Quasi Static Pressure Reflected Pressure

What are the 6 types of fuel used in Fuel Air Explosives?

Acetylene Butane Ethylene Oxide Kerosene Propylene Oxide Aluminium

What are the factors that effect V of D?

Charge diameter Density of charge Degree of confinement Strength of detonator

What are the High Energy forms of attack?

Kinetic Energy Chemical Energy Combination of both

In regards to People what are the factors that effect their vulnerability ?

Attitude (presented area) Protection (body armour, buildings etc)

What type of target would a cluster disc warehead attack ?

Aircraft

What are the the considerations of weapons and EO IRT damage levels ?

Weapons should be designed to attack the most important targets Ammunition must be designed to achieve a particular level of damage against a known target.

What are the design characteristics of a HESH round ?

Head must be collapsible Head must not be pointed HE must have high V of D Explosive plastic in nature Fuze must be in the base Inert bituminous pad in nose

Define Kinetic Energy -

In the form of a solid missile which dissipates it's energy on impact and requires no triggering device.

Define Chemical Energy -

In the form of a substance which has considerable potential energy that can be released when suitably initiated.

What is rarefaction ?

Area of low pressure following a shock wave