Cartridges and Projectiles Flashcards by Alex Davis

What are the non metallic natural fibres?

CELLULOSE
SILK
WOOL
RUBBER

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What are the two main types of plastics?

Thermoplastic
Thermosetting plastic
(Third is engineering plastic)

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What are the two types of defects in metals?

Mechanical
-Cracking due to stress
Chemical
-Corrosion due to impurities

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What is the definition of corrosion?

The conversion of a metal to a non-metallic state.

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What are the types of corrosion?

Rust (Ferrous Oxide)
Aluminium Oxidation
Cupric Azide Contamination
Zinc Exudation / ‘Free Copper’
MAZAK Contamination

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What are the methods of HE filling techniques?

Casting
-Straight pour
-Creamed
-Liquid and biscuit
Pressing
-Pressing
-Incrementally into case
-Pre pressed charges
Extruding
-Direct extrusion into case
Pre forming / cocooning
-Land mines

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What is the CWR for modern HE?

20% - 30%

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What are the disadvantages to using the hot melt process?

Shrinkage
Cracking
Dusting

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What compounds are used for the coating of
the internal Shell walls?

Shellac
Varnish
Lacquer
Bitumen
Resin

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What are the 4 requirements for tracer composition?

Luminosity
Strength
Consistency of performance
Ease of Ignition

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What are the 3 classifications of tracers?

Tracer Projectile
Tracer and Igniter Projectile
Integral Tracer

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What are the two means of ignition for tracer rounds?

Direct Ignition
Propellant Ignition

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What are the types of primers?

Percussion and electric

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The amount of gunpowder used in the
magazine depends upon what?

Chamber dimensions of the gun
Size of the Propellant charge and the Case in which it is ignited

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What are the components of a conducting cap?

Base
Pole unit
Cap
Magazine

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What is the definition of a round?

A complete assembly of a projectile (with or without fuze), a propellant charge in a cartridge case, and the means of igniting the propellant charge.

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What is the definition of a projectile?

An object capable of being propelled by a force, normally from a gun, and continuing in motion by virtue of its kinetic energy

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What are the three types of projectile?

Shot
Shell
Carrier

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What are the components of a projectile?

Cavity

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What are the three classifications of projectiles?

Training
Operational
Weapon functioning/inspection

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What are the 5 operational projectiles?

Shot
Shell
Mortar
Grenade
Bullet

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What are the 3 functions of a driving band?

To centre the projectile in the bore and impart spin
To prevent the forward escape of propellent gases
To assist in prevention of slip back of the projectile when loaded at high elevations

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What are the 6 requirements of a driving band?

No excessive pressure on the shell or barrel
Cater for change in bore diameter (wear)
Remain firmly attached to the projectile
Must not alter the ballistic shape of the projectile (engraved state)
Cause no excessive friction or bore wear
Simple to make and fit

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What are the methods of attachment for a driving band?

Split ring
Solid ring

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What are the types of driving band?

Orthodox band Modern band Gas check type Double band Probert (OMGDP)

What are the methods of preventing twisting in driving bands?

Wavey rib Knurling

What are the types of cartridge systems?

Breech loading Quick firing

What are the types of quick firing cartridges?

Separate Semi fixed Fixed

What are the 3 components of breech loading gun ammunition?

Primer Charge bags Projectile

What are the three different types of propellant charges?

Fixed Semi-fixed Separate

What are the four types of bagged charges?

Equal Unequal Stem and ring Stem and segment

What are the design considerations for charge bags?

Be non smolder Be non stretch Be non wear Be entirely consumed on firing. Leave no smouldering particles or residue. Be insect / vermin / rot proof Be permeable to the flash from the tube

What are the charge bag types IRT their function?

Normal Super Reduced Fractional Incremental Blank De- coppering

What is newtons third law?

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

What are the two designs for RCL ammunition?

Blow out disc Perforated cart case

What are some advantages of RCL systems?

No recoil Low weight Man portable Mounted on light vehicles

What are some disadvantages to RCL systems?

Flash/Dust (BBDA) Low velocity Large propelling charge

What are the three methods used to attach projectiles to cartridge cases?

Coning Canneluring Both

What are the factors that affect shell design?

Strength to withstand firing stresses User requirements Ballistic performance Safe handling ,transportation and storage Economy in manufacture Target effect (SUBSET)

What are the ways to manufacture HE shells?

Normally steel Cast Forged Extruded

What are the 7 forces that act on a projectile during firing?

Gas pressure Acceleration Setback Heat Centrifugal Driving band pressures Side slap

What are the methods of operation for carrier shells?

Bursting Base ejection Nose ejection Base emission

What is the difference between a gaine and an exploder?

Gaines pass on detonating wave Exploders enhance detonating wave

What is the make-up of a brass cart case?

Copper 70% Zinc 30%

How is obturation achieved in Quick fire and breach loading cartridges

QF - uses the cart case to provide obturation Breech loading - rearward obturation is achieved by the gun

What are the materials used to make CCC?

Nitrocellulose Kraft paper resins

What is the reason brass is used in cart cases?

Performs well in most equipment Metallurgy and techniques are well known Does not corrode to give hard abrasive particles

What are the advantages to CCC?

Everything loaded into the chamber plays some part in ballistics Suitable material gives a boundary layer of gas which is cooler then the propellant gas Reduces barrel wear Reduced cook off with low charges

What are the methods of sealing tracer rounds?

Brass or Celluloid discs or cups Nitro glycerine and Carbamite Bakelite discs

How does a rocket assist work?

A rocket motor and venturi is attached to the base of the projectile that when ignited provides thrust.

How does a base bleed work?

A pyrotechnic attached to the base of the projectile that when ignited produces gas to fill the low pressure area at the base to reduce drag.

How is a quick fire-seperate round loaded?

Proj and cart case packed seperately loaded as 2 units Proj is rammed before cart case is loaded

How is a quick fire semi-fixed round loaded?

PROJ and Cart case packed together Mated together and Loaded as one unit Projectile rammed by Cart case

How is a quick fire fixed round loaded?

PROJ and Cart Case joined together Loaded as one unit Rammed as one unit

What are the applications of cellulose?

Used with charge bags and pyro's

What are the types of Varnish?

Copal varnish Shellac

What are the applications of Rubber?

Rubber composition bitumen is widely used in Squash Head

What are the applications of Wool?

Felt pads

What are the applications of Silk?

Used to tie bundles of cordite to form propellant charges, Make bags for loose prop charges

Explain the action on firing for the conducting cap.

Round loaded into gun, breech closed, electric needle moves forward on to the Primer Contact On Firing , current flows through the needle ,contact piece & pole unit to the pole piece of the cap. The filling in the cap is a conductor due to the inclusion of graphite, permitting current to pass through this to the brass distance piece & outer case of the cap, and back through the body of the base, Cart Case, gun to complete the circuit Heating occurs, composition ignites to produce a flash in the Magazine

What are the 4 requirements of the cartridge case?

Protects contents Easy loading and extracting Provide obturation Able to house primer