Task 6

Question 1

what is homeostasis?

Answer 1

active process of maintaining a particular psychological parameter relatively constant

Question 2

what happens if you alter homeostasis?

Answer 2

it might effect motivation

Question 3

what are obligatory losses?

Answer 3

things that require us to conserve heat, water and food constantly because we involuntarily loss energy water or temperature as a consequence of life processes

Question 4

what is an ingestive behavior?

Answer 4

eating or drinking

Question 5

what is a system variable?

Answer 5

a variable that is controlled by a regulatory mechanism like temperature in heating system

Question 6

what is a set point?

Answer 6

the optimal value of the system variable in a regulatory mechanism

Question 7

what is a detector?

Answer 7

in a regulatory proccess the mechanism that signals when the system variable deviates from its set point

Question 8

what is a correctional mechanism?

Answer 8

in a regulatory process the mechanism that is capable of changing the value of the system variable

Question 9

what is negative feedback?

Answer 9

a process whereby the effect produced by an action serves to diminish or terminate that action; a characteristic of regulatory systems

Question 10

what is the satiety mechanism?

Answer 10

a brain mechanism that causses cessation of hunger or thirst produced by adeaquate ansd availabe supplies of nutrients or water

Question 11

where is most of the water in our bodies contained?

Answer 11

inside and outside our cells

Question 12

what is the intracellular compartment?

Answer 12

is the fluid that exists within the cells

Question 13

what is the extracellular compartment?

Answer 13

fluid that exists outside the cells

Question 14

what does the extracelluklar compartment acts like?

Answer 14

as a buffer and as an indicator of conditons in the intracellular compartment (constantly controls if we need water)

Question 15

what is the interstitial fluid?

Answer 15

the fluid between the cells

Question 16

what is the blood plasma?

Answer 16

the protein rich fluid that carries red and white blood cells

Question 17

what is the aquaporins?

Answer 17

channels in the cell membranes that are specialized for the conduction of water molecules into or out of the cell

Question 18

how lany molecules of water can a single aquaporin conduct?

Answer 18

3 billlion

Question 19

what is the intravascular fluid?

Answer 19

the fluid found within the blood vessels

Question 20

what is hypovolemia?

Answer 20

reduction in the volume of the intravascular fluid

Question 21

what are movements of water described by?

Answer 21

two forces diffusion and osmosis

Question 22

what is diffusion?

Answer 22

molecules of a substance like salt ( a solute) dissolved in a quantity of another substance, such as a glass of water (solvent) will passively spread through the water because of the random movements of the molecules until they are more or less uniformly distributed throughout the glass

Question 23

what is osmosis?

Answer 23

movement of water molecules that occurs when a semipermeable membrane separates solutions ontaining different concentrations of solute and the solute cannot spread evenly across both sides (membrane blocks the passage of salt)

Question 24

what is osmotic pressure?

Answer 24

physical froce that pushes or pulls water across the membrane

Question 25

what is osmolality ?

Answer 25

number of solute particles per unit volume of solvent

Question 26

what are the three types of solution?

Answer 26

hypertonic isotonic hypotonic

Question 27

hypertonic?

Answer 27

high concentration of solute that is the same as the solvent

Question 28

isiotonic?

Answer 28

concentration of solute that is the same as solvents

Question 29

hypotonic

Answer 29

low concentration of solute that is the same as solvents

Question 30

what happens if volume is low?

Answer 30

hypovolemic thirst

Question 31

what happens if solute concentration is high?

Answer 31

osmotic thirst

Question 32

who gets first infromed when you have hypovolemic thirst?

Answer 32

carduac baroreceptors and kidney baroreceptors

Question 33

who gets infromation of hypovolemic thirst after cardiac baroreceptors and kidney baroreceptors?

Answer 33

brainstem and the subfornical organ

Question 34

how do kidney baroreceptors pass information of hypovolemic thirst to the subfornical organ?

Answer 34

through the release of angiotesin ii

Question 35

where does te information of hypovolemic thirst go to after the brainstem and the subfornical organ?

Answer 35

to the preoptic area

Question 36

where does the information of a hypovolemic thirst goes once it is in the preoptic area?

Answer 36

to the hypothalamic thirst network and the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus

Question 37

what happen if the information of hypovolemic thirst gets to the preoptic area?

Answer 37

you drink

Question 38

what happens if the information of a hypovolemic thirst gets to the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus?

Answer 38

water conservation

Question 39

where does infromation goif you have osmotic thirst?

Answer 39

the OVLT osmosensory neurons

Question 40

where does infor mation of an osmotic thirst go after the osmosensory neurons ?

Answer 40

to the preoptic area and you know the rest

Question 41

what is osmotic thirst?

Answer 41

high extracellular concentration of solute triggered by tincreased saltiness of the extracellular fluid like by ingesting lots of salty foods. water will be pulled out through osmosis

Question 42

what are osmosensory neurons?

Answer 42

specialized neurons that measure the movements of water into and out of the cells

Question 43

where are osmosensory neurons usually found?

Answer 43

in several regions of the hypothalamus including the preoptic area, anterior hypothalamus, supraoptic nucleus, and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis

Question 44

what is an osmoreceptor?

Answer 44

neuron that detects changes in the solute concentration of the interstitial fluid that surrounds it

Question 45

what is a median preoptic nucleus?

Answer 45

a small nucleus situated around the decussation of the anterior commisure

Question 46

whered oes the preoptic nucleus play a part in?

Answer 46

in thirst stimulated by angiotensin

Question 47

what is hypovolemic (volumetric thirst)?

Answer 47

low extracellular volume due too the loss of body fluids ( loss of water volume) thirst produced by hypovolemia caused by blood loss vomit and diarrhea

Question 48

wht is hypovolemia?

Answer 48

low volume extracelllular fluid because normal everyday losses cause moderate decreas"s in extracellular fluid