Task 8 - M&M Flashcards
(34 cards)
Define Neuroergonomics
The study of the brain in relation to performance at work and other everyday settings
What neuroscientific methods are used most often in Neuroergonomics?
fMRI, EEG/MEG, Molecular Genetics
The enzyme DBH is negatively related to…?
Spatial Working Memory
What is the name of a certain ERP, that indicates the brain recognizing an error?
ERN - Error Related Negativity
How can one identify a person’s ERN in a single trial?
Using an EEG array over the whole skull
What is the purpose of adaptive interfaces in neuroergonomics?
The level of automation of these interfaces is adjusted according to the cognitive state of the operator, which is inferred using BCIs (neuroimaging) and other cues.
How is the basic distinction between slips and mistakes made?
Slips occur during execution and mistakes occur during planning
Which often has more serious consequences - Slips or Mistakes?
Mistakes
Biases and using heuristics during planning can lead to a …?
Mistake
What is a difficulty in the field of neuroergonomics and what is a method, that can overcome this to some degree?
Relating the low level neural activation to abstract behavior when performing tasks in daily life. The middle ground between the two are psychological models, which are used in cognitive ergonomics.
What happens to future responses on a test after making a mistake?
They are slower. Even if certainty is the same as on the trial before the mistake, speed will be decreased.
Additionally, rapid corrections occur, which are too quick to be the result of completely new mental processes.
In which kind of human error are ERNs recorded most commonly?
Slips
When does the ERN occur in time?
~100ms after an error
Voltage can even start to dip before the incorrect response is made.
Which brain area has most commonly been associated with the ERN?
ACC
The ACC which exhibits the ERN is also involved in….?
- Conflict Monitoring
- Reinforcement Learning
- Decision Making
What cognitive factor influences the amplitude of the ERN?
motivation positively predicts amplitude of the ERN.
How could the ERN be used in personell selection?
A higher ERN indicates greater importance of the task to the person. Thus choosing applicants exhibiting stronger ERNs might lead to a more dedicated workforce.
What contextual factor can decrease the amplitude of the ERN?
When the slip was made due to insufficient available information, the ERN tends to be weaker.
How could one use ERNs to improve safety during dangerous tasks?
A BCI could detect the ERN and give the machine the signal to correct the error.
When trust in HRI grows, so does the Neglect Tolerance of the human. This can have negative outcomes. Explain.
If the human neglects the machine too much during a task, the human stops paying attention. If quick intervention by the human is needed, this could be detrimental as the human has to become aware of the situation again when switching attention.
What kind of factors are most correlated with trust in HRI?
Robot Performance based factors like behavior, predictability, reliability, etc.
How do robot attributes like anthropomorphism and personality affect trust in HRIs?
They don’t (significantly)
What is the definition of Accident Behavior?
Unsafe acts that precede accidents
Explain the Risk Homeostasis Theory
- People act in ways that maintain a certain level of risk at all times.
- When initial risk is low, people engage in more risky behavior.
