Task List B Flashcards by Jacob Lee

What living organisms say or do, implies action
How people think, feel, and what they say
Has an effect on the environment
Larger set/class of response that share physical dimensions/functions

Behavior

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A single instance of a behavior

Measurable unit of analysis in the science of behavior analysis

Response

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A group of behaviors that compromise an operant/have the same function

Response Class

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All the behaviors that you can do and a collection of skills you have learned that are related to a specific task or a specific setting

Repertoire

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stimulus conditions that are internal and external to the individual

Environment

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Physical events that effect the behavior of an individual

Stimulus

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3 human body systems impacted stimuli

Acronym: PIE

Proprioceptors
Interoceptors
Exteroceptors

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When do stimuli occur?

Before (antecedent), during, or after a behavior

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A group if antecedent or simultaneous stimuli that have a common effect on an operant class

Stimulus class

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3 types of stimulus class 
FTF

Formal
Temporal
Functional

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2 primary types of behavior

Respondent Behavior

Operant Behavior

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Involuntary (behavior that is elicited without any prior learning
Reflex, Reflexive

Respondent Behavior

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When the unconditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly over a short period of time, the strength of the respondent behavior dimensions

Habituation

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A stimulus is conditioned (CS) to elicit a new response (CR)

Respondent Behavior

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Unpairing a condition Stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned Stimulus (US)

Respondent Extincition

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A behavior determined and maintained by its history of consequences

Operant Behavior

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The process involving an occasion for a behavior (SD), the behavior itself, and the consequence that follows; a process that determines the future of that behavior’s occurrence or nonoccurrence.

Operant Conditioning

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Principles of Behavior

PER

Punishment
Extinction
Reinforcement

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A stimulus change that comes after a behavior

Consequences

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A behavior that occurs in some condition/SD’s more than in others

Discriminated operant

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A process that occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of that and similar behaviors in similar conditions

Positive Reinforcement

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5 Types of Positive Reinforcement

EATSS

Edible 
Activity 
Tangible 
Social 
Sensory

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A process that occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the reduction or removal of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of that and similar behaviors in similar conditions

Negative Reinforcement

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2 types of negative reinforcement

Escape

Avoidance

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A behavior that stops an ongoing aversive stimulus/unpleasant situation

Escape

A response that prevents or postpones the presentation of an aversive stimulus/unpleasant situation

Avoidance

2 types of avoidance

Discriminated Avoidance | Free Operant Avoidance

The contingency for responding is the prevention of the onset of an aversive stimulus in the presence of a signal/SD

Discriminated Avoidance

The contingency for responding is the prevention of the onset of an aversive stimulus without the presence of a signal/SD

Free-Operant Avoidance

When behavior is evoked, shaped maintained, or weakened by environmental variables that happen without other's manipulation

Automatic Reinforcement

Punishment that occurs without the social mediation of others

Automatic Punishment

When another person controls your access to reinforcement/punishment

Social mediated Punishment

A stimulus change that can increase the future frequency of behavior without prior pairing with any other form of reinforcement

Unconditioned reinforcer/reinforcement (UCR)

When a previously neutral stimulus acquires the ability to function as a reinforcer through stimulus-stimulus pairing with 1 or more unconditioned or conditioned reinforcers.

Conditioned Reinforcer/Reinforcement(CR)

A type of conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with many unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers

Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer (GCSR)

A verbal description of a behavioral contingency

Rule-Governed Behavior

When a behavior is directly controlled by a contingency, not rules

Contingency-Shaped Behavior

A stimulus change following a behavior that results in that behavior occurring les soften or not at all in the future

Punishment

A process that occurs when the addition of a stimulus immediately following a behavior results in a decrease in the future frequency of the behavior

Positive Punishment

6 types of positive punishment's | SORRER

``` Shock Overcorrection Reprimands Response Blocking Exercise Response interruption ```

client is required to engage in effortful behavior that's directly related to the challenging behavior

Overcorrection

Negative or corrective feedback. Most common for of punishment.

Reprimand

physically intervene/block the response

Response Blocking

Requires a response not topographically related the behavior, like exercise

Exercise/Contingent Exercise

Interrupt a stereotypic behavior as it starts and redirect your client to a high-probability behavior

Response Interruption and Redirection

Loss of specific amount of reinforcer contingent on challenging behavior

Response Cost

3 Response Cost Methods | BFE

Bonus Response Cost Fines/Direct Fines Existing Cache Response Cost

Procedure in which, contingent on a target behavior, access to a specific reinforcers is prohibited for a period of time

Time-Out

A stimulus change that decreases the frequency of any behavior that immediately precedes it irrespective of the organism's learning history with the stimulus

Unconditioned Punisher/punishment

A previously neutral stimulus that now functions as a punisher because of prior pairing with 1 or more other punishers

Conditioned Punisher/punishment

A type of conditioned punisher that's been paired with many unconditioned and conditioned punishers

Generalized conditioned punishers

A maintaining reinforcer is no longer provided

Extinction

3 types of extinction | PAN

Positive reinforcement extinction Automatic reinforcement extinction Negative reinforcement extinction

An immediate increase in the rate of responding when an EXT procedures is 1st implemented

Extinction Burst

A typical short pattern in which the behavior that diminished during the EXT process reoccurs even though the behavior hasn't been reinforced.

Spontaneous recovery

Acquired when a discriminated operant (learned behavior) occurs in the presence of the SD and doesn't occur in its absence or in the presence of other stimuli

Stimulus Control

A signal that tells you reinforcement is available

Discriminative stimulus (SD)

A stimulus in the presence of which a given behavior has not produced reinforcement in the past

Stimulus Delta

An environmental variable which: alters (increases or decreases) the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus and b. alters (increases or decreases) the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced by that stimulus

Motivating operation (MO)

A type of MO that increases the effectiveness of a stimulus as a reinforcer in the moment and the current frequency of any behavior to contact that reinforcer

Establishing Operation (EO)

A type of MO that decreases the effectiveness of stimulus as a reinforcer in the moment and the current frequency of any behavior to contact that reinforcer, makes something less desirable

Abolishing Operations (AO)

What is the difference between the behavior altering and function altering effects of an MO?

Behavior altering effects are in the moment effects and function altering effects are future effects.

For all organisms, there are events, operations, and stimulus conditions with value-altering effects are future effect.

Unconditioned Motivating Operations (UMO's)

MO's that change the value of other stimuli, objects, or events due to conditioning

Conditioned Motivating Operations

Alters the value of consequences that are under the control of an MO with which it has been paired

Surrogate MO (CMO-S)

The signal that aversive events may be coming, results in avoidance behavior

Reflexive MO (CMO-R)

An environmental variable that establishes another event as a reinforcer or punisher

Transitive MO (CMO-T)

2 Types of generalization

Stimulus Generalization | Response Generalization

Responding to antecedent stimuli sharing certain aspects of the original SD; a broadening of the spectrum of stimuli that occasion a response

Stimulus Generalization

The extent to which your client exhibits novel behaviors that are functionally-equivalent to the trained target response

Response Generalization

A fixed number of responses have to occur before a response produces reinforcement

Fixed Ratio (FR)

The strongest basic schedule of INT reinforcement

Variable ratio (VR)

A fixed amount of time must elapse before a single correct response produces SR

Fixed Interval (FI)

A specific amount of variable time elapses before a single correct response produces reinforcement

Variable Interval (VI)

2 or more schedules of reinforcement are in effect separately and at the same time for 2 or more behaviors

Concurrent schedules of reinforcement

given 2 choices; you will choose to engage in the behavior that has the highest rate of SR in that moment

Matching Law

2 or more basic schedules of reinforcement are presented alternating, in a random sequence for 1 or more behaviors

Multiple schedules of reinforcement

2 or more basic schedules of reinforcement are presented and occur successively and in order

Chained schedules of reinforcement

2 or more basic schedules of SR that are presented in an alternating, random sequence for 1 or more behaviors

Mixed schedules of reinforcement

2 or more basic schedule of SR are presented and occur successively

Tandem schedules of reinforcers

A compound schedule combining the # of responses and time

Alternative schedules of reinforcement

A compound schedule combining the # of responses and time

Conjunctive schedules of reinforcement

Behaviors that are maintained independently of SR contingencies, BUT exist due to the contingencies being available for other behaviors

Adjunctive Behaviors