Taste and Smell

Question 1

Taste and Smell

Answer 1

when you eat, molecules travel up back of throat and some go into back of your nose. use sense of smell in conjunction with taste. smell knocked out and can’t taste things well

Question 2

Olfaction

Answer 2

smell

Question 3

Olfactory epithelium

Answer 3

area in nostril

Question 4

Cribriform plate

Answer 4

separating olfactory epithelium from brain

Question 5

Olfactory bulb

Answer 5

above plate is an extension from the brain, bundle of nerves that sends little projections through cribriform plate into the olfactory epithelium which branch off

Question 6

Glomerulus

Answer 6

all cells sensitive to benzene will fire to one olfactory bulb

Question 7

Mitral/tufted cell

Answer 7

synapse on this cell that project to the brain. Binds to GPCR receptor, G-protein dissociates and causes a cascade of events inside the cell and binds to ion channel which opens and triggers an AP

Question 8

Pheromones

Answer 8

molecules released in the urine which can be sensed by other animals through the nose
specialized olfactory cells
causes response in animal smelling them
chemical signal released by 1 member of the species and sensed by another species to trigger an INNATE RESPONSE
linked to mating, fighting, and communication

Question 9

Accessory olfactory epithelium

Answer 9

specialized part of olfactory epithelium in animals and sends projections to accessory olfactory bulb

Question 10

Vomeronasal system

Answer 10

within the olfactory epithelium. basal cells and apical cells and have receptors at tips. Triangle comes in and activates receptor on basal cell and it sends axon through accessory olfactory bulb to glomerulus which goes to the amygdala
Humans have vomeronasal organ but no accessory olfactory bulb

Question 11

Amygdala

Answer 11

emotion, aggression, mating

Question 12

5 tastes on tongue

Answer 12

bitter, salty, sweet, sour, and umami (ability to taste glutamate)

Question 13

Taste buds

Answer 13

Fungiform (anterior), foliate (side), and circumvallate (back). In each taste bud 5 taste receptor cells that detect each taste and each taste can be detected anywhere on the tongue. Mostly on anterior part of the tongue

Question 14

Labelled lines model

Answer 14

each receptor has axon which remain separate to the brain and they all synapse on different parts of the gustatory cortex
Ex: glucose hits tongue, activates sweet cell (has sweet sensitive receptors), triggers cascade of events so cell depolarizes, and travels down axon to brain.
Glucose binds GPCR, conformational change, G-protein dissociates, opens ion channels, cause cell to depolarize and fire an AP

Question 15

GPCR receptors

Answer 15

Sweet, umami, and bitter cells

Question 16

Ion channels

Answer 16

Sour and salty rely on these and bind to receptor directly. Ex: NaCl binds to receptor and causes ion channel to open and + ions outside flow in and cell depolarizes and fires an AP

Question 17

Salty receptor inside a sweet cell?

Answer 17

Receptors in membrane bind to glucose but if you insert salty receptor then axon from cell leads to brain. If NaCl comes in it activates the receptor, + ions go inside, sweet cell depolarizes and fires AP and brain interprets it as a sweet signal