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CASA CPL Aerody > Taxi, Take-off & Landing > Flashcards

Taxi, Take-off & Landing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main landing gear configs?

A 
Tail wheel (or tail dragger)
Nose wheel (or tricycle)
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2
Q

What may tailwheel aircraft have to do while taxiing to improve visibility?

A

Turn side to side

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3
Q

What type of steering do tailwheel aircraft have?

A

Fully or partially castoring tailwheel

Wheels are connected to rudder via springs

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4
Q

What type of steering do tricycle config aircraft have?

A

Nosewheel steering

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5
Q

Where must the CoG lie at all times?

A

Between the the three wheels

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6
Q

What happens when the CoG is further away from any one wheel?

A

The less the tendency for the aircraft to tip over at that wheel

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7
Q

Where is the CoG on a tricycle undercarriage?

A

Ahead of the main wheels

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8
Q

Where is the CoG on a taildragger?

A

Behind the main wheels

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9
Q

What can harsh braking cause in for a tail dragger?

A

It to flip onto its nose

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10
Q

What is gear longitudinal stability?

A

I.e. a tail dragger will flip on to its nose if braking is harsh

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11
Q

What is stable gear directional stability?

A

If the aircraft yaws, the CoG will swing out and the yaw will be resisted

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12
Q

What is unstable gear direction stability?

A

If the aircraft yaws, the CoG will try to swing out and the yaw will continue

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13
Q

Does tricycle landing gear have stable or unstable gear directional stability?

A

Stable

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14
Q

Does tail wheel landing gear have stable or unstable gear directional stability?

A

Unstable

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15
Q

What are ground loops?

A

Occur when a pilot is lazy with the rudder
Unstable situation which can result in the aircraft violently yawing around on the ground
Can cause substantial damage

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16
Q

When are ground loops in a tricycle undercarriage aircraft most likely?

A

Following a wheelbarrow

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17
Q

What is a wheelbarrow?

A

When the nose wheel remains in contact with the ground, while the main is not

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18
Q

When is a wheelbarrow likely to occur?

A

Too much forward pressure on take-off or a nose wheel first landing

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19
Q

What is the slipstream effect?

A

The airflow from the propeller rotates around the aircraft and pushes against the rudder

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20
Q

When is the slipstream effect most pronounced?

A

Low airspeed and high power settings

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21
Q

If the propeller rotates clockwise, which way will the aircraft try to yaw as a result of slipstream effect?

A

Left

22
Q

What is torque effect?

A

Engine torque causes the aircraft to want to roll

23
Q

If the propeller rotates clockwise, which way will the aircraft try to roll as a result of torque effect?

A

Left, however, on the ground this will be seen as a yaw to the left

24
Q

What is the gyroscopic effect of a propeller?

A

Occurs in tail wheel aircraft when the tail wheel is raised

In a clockwise spinning prop causes a yaw left

25
Q

Why does a propeller cause gyroscopic effect?

A

Prop adopts properties of a gyro when spinning high speed. In particular precession.

26
Q

What is asymmetric blade effect?

A

In a tailwheel aircraft, the prop is not perpendicular to the ground, so the blades are presented at different angles to the RAF

27
Q

What does asymmetric blade effect cause?

A

The down-going blade produces more thrust, so with a clockwise spinning prop, this causes a yaw to the left

28
Q

What is weather cocking?

A

When there is a crosswind, the aircraft will try to face into the wind

29
Q

What control inputs should be used when taxiing or taking off into wind?

A

Climb into wind, dive out of wind

30
Q

What is the benefit of taking off into wind?

A

Better climb performance through better angle of climb

31
Q

What is the benefit of landing into wind?

A

Allows steeper approach angle and so better forward visibility

32
Q

What other benefits does taking off/landing into wind have?

A

Significantly reduces the impact energy on touchdown

33
Q

What is pressure height?

A

Height above or below MSL ISA

QNE or flight level

34
Q

What is pressure height?

A

Pressure height corrected for non-ISA temperatures

35
Q

What is the worst combo of pressure and temp for performance?

A

Hot and high

So high temp and low pressure

36
Q

What does a decrease in air density cause?

A

Less air over the wing, so less lift
Prop rotating through less air, so less thrust
Less air into the engine, so less power

37
Q

What is the impact of a headwind on TODR and LDR?

A

Reduces TODR and LDR

38
Q

What is the impact of a tailwind on TODR and LDR?

A

Increases TODR and LDR

39
Q

What in the impact of an increase in temp on TODR and LDR?

A

Increases TODR and LDR

40
Q

What is the impact of an increase in QNH on TODR and LDR?

A

Decreases TODR and LDR

41
Q

What is the impact of an increase in density height on TODR and LDR?

A

Increases TODR and LDR

42
Q

What is the impact of high airfield elevation on on TODR and LDR?

A

Increases TODR and LDR

43
Q

Which type of runway slope is good for take-off?

A

Downslope

44
Q

Which type of runway slope is good for landing?

A

Upslope

45
Q

What is the impact of ground effect on TODR and LDR?

A

Increases TODR and LDR

46
Q

What is the impact of frost on TODR and LDR?

A

Increases TODR and LDR

47
Q

Why is ground effect a hazard on take-off?

A

Artificial reduction in drag will allow the aircraft to become airborne before it is safe

48
Q

What is ground effect a hazard on landing?

A

Will cause the aircraft to float and encourage the nose to be pushed down by the pilot

49
Q

What is ground effect?

A

Wingtip vortices are compressed when flying close to the ground, reducing induced drag

50
Q

Where is ground effect most pronouced?

A

Take-off or when flying within 1/2 wingspan of the ground

CASA CPL Aerody (9 decks)

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