TAXONOMIC GROUP OF SELECTED ANIMALS Flashcards
(85 cards)
1
Q
uniting trait of echinoderms, hemichordate, chordate
A
Deuterostomes
2
Q
Chordata subphylums
A
Urochordata, cephalochordate, vertebrata
3
Q
subphylum
half of chordate characteristics
A
hemichordate
4
Q
subphylum
Most have an endoskeleton
A
vertebrates
5
Q
subphylum
resemble the earliest chordates, all lack bones
A
Cephalochordate
6
Q
all marine, all lack bones
A
Urochordates
7
Q
All three taxa share a common body design, 5 fundamental features:
A
Notochord
Pharyngeal slits
Endostyle or Thyroid gland
Dorsal hollow nerve cord
Post – anal tail
8
Q
Protochordates
A
Subphylum Urochordata
Subphylum Cephalochordata
9
Q
Jawless vertebrates (agnathans)
A
Superclass Cyclostoma
10
Q
Jawed vertebrates
A
Superclass Gnathostoma
11
Q
Cartilaginous fishes
A
Class Chondrichthyes
12
Q
ray-finned fishes
A
Class Actinopterygii
13
Q
lobe-finned fishes
A
Class Sarcopterygii
14
Q
lowest 4 legged vertebrates, naked and slimy skin, and living near or in water
A
Class Amphibia
15
Q
air breathing vertebrate, horny scales
A
Class Reptilia
16
Q
vertebrate with feathers
A
Class Aves
17
Q
vertebrate with hair and mammary glands
A
Class Mammalia
18
Q
Phylum Hemichordata example
A
acorn worm
19
Q
3 body regions of acorn worm
A
proboscis
collar
body trunk
20
Q
Marine worm, related to echinoderms and chordates
A
acorn worm
21
Q
3 regions of acorn worm
A
branchiogenital or thoracic
hepatic
abdominal
22
Q
hollow cavity, spans the organisms
A
coelom
23
Q
Within the proboscis
extension of digestive tract in acorn worm
A
stomochord
24
Q
Food enters the mouth
together with the water
Pharynx to gut
Water exists to the _____ in acorn worms
A
pharyngeal slits
25
Salient points of the internal anatomy in acorn worm
❖ Collar nerve cord
❖ Pharyngeal gill slits
❖ Stomochord
26
pharyngeal slits open into each ___________ a common compartment of the branchial pore that opens up to the environment
branchial pouch
27
arises from the embryo as an outpocketing roof of the embryonic gut anterior to the pharynx
retains a connection to what will become the buccal cavity
They usually enlarge towards the cavity of the proboscis to form the pre oral diverticulum
Stomochord
28
Lower Chordates
unicates / sea squirts
Subphylum Urochordata
29
Subphylum Urochordata
Free-swimming larva
Sessile adult stage and tail is reabsorbed
Larva exhibits all 5 characteristics of chordates
Class Ascidiacea
30
Subphylum Urochordata
Tiny marine animals
resided in planktonic communities
Class Larvacea
31
Subphylum Urochordata
Free-living
Derivatives of adult Ascidiaceans
Class Thaliacea
32
example Subphylum Urochordata
Molgula, pandocia
33
Oval sac like creature, scarcely resemble and animal
Rough irregular form, food and debris adhere to it
Urochordata
34
2 opening siphons in Urochordata
Oral siphon – incurrent, upper
Atrial siphon – excurrent, lower
35
Urochordata
Outer layer is thick and tough, sometimes gelatinous, wart, secreted by ectoderm beneath it
is so transparent that practically all of the internal organs are visible through it.
tunic
36
Urochordata
is attached to the underlying body only at the siphons.
tunic
37
soft body wall
attachment to siphons, cavity in the inside. The soft body wall encloses the viscera. Seen when tunic is removed
mantle
38
genus of sea squirts in the Class: Ascidiacea
Ciona
39
Urochordata
The muscle fibers which operate the siphons may be visible as stripes in the mantle; they are conspicuous in ______
Ciona
40
Urochordata
incloses the viscera which tend to adhere to it, so that its removal without injury to the viscera is difficult.
mantle
41
Urochordata
oral siphon leads to a large thin-walled bag, extend to the length of the body
Pharynx
42
Urochordata
cavity next to the pharynx, communicates to the exterior of the atrial siphon
Atrium
43
cephalochordate example
Lancet / amphioxus
44
Acrania
cephalochordate
45
Body shape of amphioxus
slender, narrow, fishlike, and compressed laterally body shape, pointed at terminal ends
46
amphioxus
at the bottom of which the mouth is located
The ventral and greater part of the head consists of an expanded membrane, the oral hood, which incloses a cavity
Stomodeum or vestibule
47
amphioxus
The borders of the oral hood are extended into a series of stiff ______
tentacles or cirri.
48
amphioxus
ventral side up and observe that the flattened portion of the ventral surface is bounded laterally by two membranous folds
extending posteriorly from the oral hood
metapleural folds, or lateral fins
49
amphioxus
These folds meet at a point nearly three-fourths of the distance from anterior to posterior end, behind a median opening, the
atriopore
50
amphioxus
ventral side, behind the point where fin widens
Anal opening
51
amphioxus
The greater part of the muscle layer consists of the lateral muscles, forming the side walls of the body, and divided into a large number of V-shaped muscle segments
myotomes
52
amphioxus
Immediately below the ventral terminations of the myotomes will be seen, in some individuals at least, a row of square white masses,
gonads or reproductive organs
53
amphioxus
grooves where minute food is caught
Hatschek groove
54
amphioxus
best recognized by the row of black pigment spots which it bears. These pigment spots have been shown to be sensitive to light.
neural tube
55
Round-mouth fishes
Order Cyclostomata
56
hagfish
Suborder Myxinoidea
57
Order Cyclostomata taxa
Subphylum Vertebrata:
Superclass Cyclostoma
Class Agnatha
58
difference of Myxine and Bdellostoma
Myxine is pouched and Bdellostoma is smooth
59
Lamprey scientific name
Petromyzon marinus
60
amphioxus-like appearance Order Cyclostomata
Ammocoetes larvae
61
Class Agnatha
Oral hood without lower jaw
Typical segmentation
with myotomes
Circulatory system
rounded myotomes
Ammocoetes larvae
62
This name, meaning jawed, includes all of the classes of vertebrates, except Cyclostomata.
Gnathostoma
63
This term, meaning without jaws, is synonymous with Cyclostomata
Agnathostomata
64
fishes with a cartilaginous skeleton and exposed gill slits, including the dogfish, skates, sharks, etc.
Class Chondrichtyes
Order Elasmobranchii,
65
Class Chondrichtyes
Order Elasmobranchii
A whitish line,______, extends along each side of the body; it contains sensory cells whose function is the detection of vibration in the water. Through the skin the zigzag muscle segments or myotomes similar to those of Amphioxus can often be perceived.
lateral line
66
Class Chondrichtyes
Order Elasmobranchii
pointed extremity of the head
rostrum
67
Class Chondrichtyes
Order Elasmobranchii
3 pairs of sensory organs
olfactory sac
eyes
ears-endolymphatic duct
68
Just behind each eye is a circular opening, the first gill slit or
through which water enters in the respiratory movements.
slits communicate with the cavity of the pharynx.
spiracle
69
body shape of dog fish
fusiform
70
tail or caudal fin of dogfish
heterocercal
71
In male dogfishes, the medial side of each pelvic fin is modified into a stout process directed posteriorly. These processes are called __________ and are used by the males in mating with the females. All of the fins are supported by slender flexible rays, the dermal fin rays, imbedded in the skin of the fins.
claspers
72
taxa of manta ray
Subphylum Vertebrata:
Superclass Gnathostoma
Class Chondrichthyes
Order Elasmobranchii
73
Order Holocephali taxa
Subphylum Vertebrata:
Superclass Gnathostoma
Class Chondrichthyes
74
body shape
skin texture
large head with staring eyes
pectoral and pelvic fins
Claspers
common cavity and operculum
tapers at the end
lateral line system
Order Holocephali
75
is believed to be the perception of water vibrations of low frequency
there is present a system of sense organs,
In fishes and Amphibia
lateral line system
76
Order Holostei example
garpike
77
scales - ganoid
elongated toothed jaws
snout
absent of spiracles
bony operculum
median and paired fins
lepidotrichia
tail – heterocercal approaching homocercal type
Order Holostei
Suborder Lepidosteoidei
78
Ray-finned fishes
Subclass Actinopterygii or Teleostomi
79
typical bony fishes
Order Teleostei
80
Order Teleostei
attached to the ventral margin of the operculum is a membrane, ________, supported by seven bony rays, the branchiostegal rays.
branchiostegal membrane,
81
receives the products of the kidneys and reproductive organs and dis- charges them to the exterior through an opening at its tip, the urogenital aperture
urogenital papilla
82
scales of Order Holostei
ganoid scale
83
scales of Order Teleostei
cycloid scale
ctenoid scale
84
scales of cartillagenous fish
placoid scale
85
