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Biology > Taxonomy > Flashcards

Taxonomy Flashcards

1
Q

Classification

A

grouping and naming organisms based on similarities

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2
Q

Taxonomy

A

the science of grouping and naming organisms

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3
Q

Carolus Linnaeus

A

developed the best system of classification, based on physical similarities

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4
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A

(2 names) world-wide scientific system of naming

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5
Q

Scientific Name

A

combination of genus and species

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6
Q

RULES

A

1.) written in Latin
2.) written in italics
3.) has at least 2 words
4.)1st word capitalized, 2nd is not

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7
Q

Dichotomous key

A

tool for identification of organisms

Also finds genus and species (AKA scientific name)

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8
Q

VIRUSES

A

Tiny Non-living particles that invade and then replicate inside a host cell

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9
Q

How large are viruses

A

Viruses are smaller than bacteria and very simple in structure

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10
Q

Protein coat

A

protects the virus

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11
Q

Capsid

A

contains the genetic material

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12
Q

Surface proteins

A

allow it to attach to the host cell. These act like a lock & key & are specific to the type of cell that the virus can invade

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13
Q

Envelope

A

some viruses may also have an outer membrane

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14
Q

ACTIVE

A

Lytic Phase (lysis)

Virus attaches to the cell. The viral genetic material takes over and begins to replicate immediately (can take 1-12 days)

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15
Q

HIDDEN

A

Lysogenic Phase (lay low)

Genetic material is combined with the cell’s and lies dormant until it is ready to become active (can take years)

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16
Q

How do viruses reproduce?

A
  1. Virus attaches to the cell
  2. Virus releases genetic material into cell
  3. Cell is instructed to make more virus parts
  4. Virus parts are assembled
  5. New viruses emerge from cell, destroying it in the process
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17
Q

BACTERIA

A

Prokaryotic; unicellular organisms with NO nucleus and NO membrane-bound organelles

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18
Q

Two Kingdoms

A

KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA

KINGDOM EUBACTERIA

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19
Q

COCCUS

A

round shaped (Ex. Staphylococcus aureus- staph infection)

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20
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS

A

round shaped in a chain (Ex. Streptococcus pneumoniae- cause of pneumonia

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21
Q

BACILLUS

A

Rod-shaped (Ex. Bacillus coagulans- good bacteria found in yougurt that helps your digestive system.

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22
Q

SPIRILLUM

A

spiral-shaped (Ex. Campylobacter jejuni- leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans)

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23
Q

PHOTOSYNTHETIC

A

Autotrophs use energy from the sun to make food

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24
Q

CHEMOSYNTHETIC

A

Autotrophs use energy in chemicals to make food

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25
Q

RESPIRATION

A

Heterotrophs consume food and use oxygen to make energy

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26
Q

ASEXUAL

A

BINARY FISSION

one parent divides to form two identical offspring

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27
Q

CONJUGATION

A

exchange genetic material through a tube that connects them

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28
Q

STATIONARY

A

Don’t move!

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29
Q

FLAGELLA

A

Long whip-like tail

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30
Q

PROTISTA

A

Unicellular eukaryotes that can be animal-like, plant-like, or fungus-like and mostly live in moist surroundings

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31
Q

PLANT-LIKE energy

A

Photosynthesis

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32
Q

ANIMAL-LIKE energy

A

Consuming other organisms

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33
Q

FUNGUS-LIKE energy

A

Absorbing decaying materials

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34
Q

PLANT-LIKE moving

A

Flagella and floating

35
Q

ANIMAL-LIKE moving

A

Pseudopodia, cilia, flagella, or by using host

36
Q

FUNGUS-LIKE moving

A

Ooze using pseudopodia

37
Q

What are viruses?

A

non-living

38
Q

What are bacteria?

A

prokaryotic and unicellular

39
Q

What are protists?

A

eukaryotic and unicellular

40
Q

FUNGI

A

Multicellular or unicellular (yeast) eukaryotic heterotrophs that absorb decaying material and live in warm moist places

41
Q

main characteristics of Fungi

A

All are haploid (half the number of chromosomes)

Cell walls are made of chitin

Mycelium: underground root-like system

42
Q

PARASITIC energy

A

From living host, harming it in the process

Fungal Infections like Athlete’s foot

43
Q

MUTUALISTIC energy

A

From a beneficial relationship with another organism

Lichens

44
Q

DECOMPOSER

A

From breaking down decaying materials

Mushrooms

45
Q

Hyphae

A

(roots) grow into food source

46
Q

Digestive enzymes

A

are released into organism

47
Q

Hyphae absorb …

A

nutrients

48
Q

SEXUAL fungi reproduction

A

Hyphal exchange

hyphae fuse together
& trade genetic material

49
Q

ASEXUAL fungi reproduction

A

Budding

Identical organism grows from the parent

50
Q

Fruiting Body

A

structure that makes asexual spores

51
Q

PLANTAE

A

NON-VASCULAR

Multicellular eukaryotic autotrophs that do not have tubes (no roots, stems or leaves)

52
Q

characteristics of non-vascular plants

A

Low growing plants that get materials directly from surroundings

Cells are supported using cell walls made of cellulose

Autotroph: make their own food using energy from the sun through photosynthesis

53
Q

What three parts do plant cells have that animal cells do not have?

A

Cell Wall

Chloroplasts

Large vacuole

54
Q

PLANTAE

A

VASCULAR Multicellular eukaryotic autotrophs that have a system of tubes (roots, stems and leaves)

55
Q

characteristics of vascular plants

A

Retain water

Transport materials; have tubes called xylem and phloem to transport materials

Autotroph: make their own food using energy from the sun through photosynthesis

56
Q

PHOTOTROPISM

A

Plant grows toward light (+)

57
Q

GRAVITROPISM

A

Plant grows away from gravity (-)

58
Q

THIGMOTROPISM

A

Plant wraps around object when near – vines (+)

59
Q

Waxy cuticle

A

helps the plant to retain water.

Makes the plant almost “waterproof”.

60
Q

mesophyll layer

A

responsible for the majority of photosynthesis

61
Q

xylem

A

carries water from the roots to the leaf.

62
Q

phloem

A

carries nutrients from the leaf to the rest of the plant.

63
Q

stomata

A

taking in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen.

While the stomata is open, water can evaporate out of the stomata (transpiration).

The stomata being open/closed is regulated by guard cells.

64
Q

embryo

A

the part that will turn into a plant once the seed germinates

65
Q

cotyledon

A

stores food for the seed until it is ready to grow

66
Q

seed coat

A

protects the seed.

67
Q

STAMEN

A

The MALE part

made of the anther and filament.

68
Q

PISTIL

A

The FEMALE part

made of the STIGMA, STYLE, and OVARY

69
Q

PETALS

A

attract pollinators.

70
Q

Invertebrate

A

animals without a backbone

71
Q

Vertebrate

A

animals with a backbone

72
Q

ANIMALIA: INVERTEBRATES

A

Multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs that do not have a backbone

73
Q

PORIFERA characteristics

A

Filter feed using collar cells

Lives in water and stays in one place (sessile)

74
Q

CNIDARIA characteristics

A

Have stinging cells called cnidoblasts used for defense and to capture prey

Two body plans

Often live in colonies

75
Q

ECHINODERMATA characteristics

A

Water vascular system (fluid filled tubes)

Sticky tube feet used to move and capture prey

76
Q

ARTHROPOD characteristics

A

Has an outer skeleton (exoskeleton)

Segmented body

Largest group of animals

77
Q

WORM characteristics

A

Simplest organism with a brain

Three main phyla:

Nematoda: long, cylindrical body
Platyhelminthes: all are parasitic
Annelida: has a closed circulatory syste

78
Q

ANIMALIA: VERTEBRATES

A

Multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs that have a backbone

79
Q

PISCES characteristics

A

Ectothermic

Three main groups:

Jawless fish: do not have jaws
Cartilaginous fish: endoskeleton made of cartilage
Bony fish: endoskeleton made of bone

80
Q

AMPHIBIA characteristics

A

Ectothermic with smooth moist skin

Goes through metamorphosis

Three main groups:

Salamanders
Frogs & Toads
Caecilians

81
Q

REPTILIA characteristics

A

Dry scaly skin adapted for life on land

Soft, leathery amniotic eggs laid on land

Three main groups:

Crocodilians & alligators
Turtles
Lizards & Snakes

82
Q

REPTILIA characteristics

A

Dry scaly skin adapted for life on land

Soft, leathery amniotic eggs laid on land

Three main groups:

Crocodilians & alligators
Turtles
Lizards & Snakes

83
Q

AVES characteristics

A

Endothermic

Closed circulatory system with four-chambered heart

Lays hard-shelled eggs

Most care for young after they hatch

84
Q

MAMMALIA characteristics

A

Endothermic with fur

Closed circulatory system with four-chambered heart

Give birth to live young (with a few exceptions)

Biology (9 decks)

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