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Biology > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid

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2
Q

What does DNA do?

A

holds ALL the genetic info for cell functions, growth, protein production, and cell division

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3
Q

Structure of DNA

A

-A molecule of DNA is made up of millions of tiny subunits called Nucleotides
-Nucleotides are the MONOMER of Nucleic Acid

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4
Q

3 Parts of Nucleotide

A

-Deoxyribose sugar
-Phosphate
-Nitrogenous base

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5
Q

What are the 4 nitrogenous bases?

A

A-Adenine
T-Thymine

C-Cytosine
G-Guanine

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6
Q

How do these bases bond?

A

By using hydrogen bonds

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7
Q

How many strands does DNA have?

A

2, they run antiparallel

Coils into a double helix and has a backbone made up of phosphate and sugar

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8
Q

Where is DNA found in the cell?

A

Nucleus

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9
Q

What kind of sugar does DNA have?

A

Deoxyribose sugar

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10
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic Acid

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11
Q

RNA Function

A

acts like a messenger, carries instructions from DNA to ribosomes

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12
Q

What are the three parts of RNA?

A

-Ribose sugar
-Phosphate
-Nitrogenous base

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13
Q

What nitrogenous base in RNA replaces Thymine in DNA

A

U-Uracil

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14
Q

How many strands does RNA have?

A

One

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15
Q

Chromosome

A

X-shaped structures in the nucleus, made of bundled up DNA

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16
Q

What is the center part of a chromosome called?

A

Centromere

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17
Q

What are the two leg looking parts called?

A

Sister chromatids

18
Q

Gene

A

genetic info on a chromosome for specific traits

19
Q

Gene Expression

A

DNA is like a book, cells read only 1 chapter (gene) and become what that chapter (gene) says

20
Q

Differentiation

A

specialization, when cells do gene expression to gain their “job”

21
Q

Mutation

A

error in the DNA

22
Q

Cancer

A

mutation of the cell cycle, cells divide uncontrollably causing tumors

23
Q

Somatic cell

A

all body cells, like skin, bone, etc

24
Q

Interphase

A

cell spends majority of its life, growing, doing its job

25
Q

Prophase

A

DNA forms into chromosomes, nucleus disappears

26
Q

2.) Metaphase

A

chromosomes line up in middle of cell

27
Q

Anaphase

A

spindles pull sister chromatids apart to opposite sides

28
Q

Telophase

A

nucleus reforms, chromosomes uncoil, begin cytokinesis

29
Q

Cytokinesis

A

cytoplasm divides to form 2 daughter cells

part of telophase

30
Q

Why is it important to replicate DNA?

A

existing cells need to divide and need a copy of DNA for the new cells

31
Q

Why is it important to replicate DNA?

A

existing cells need to divide and need a copy of DNA for the new cells

32
Q

What is semi-conservative?

A

The parent strands serve as templates
Results in two new strands

Half from the original
Half form the new stuff

33
Q

How does the DNA Double Helix unwind?

A

with help from an enzyme topoisomerase

34
Q

What does helicase do?

A

unzips the double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the bases of opposite DNA strands

35
Q

How does the cell keep the strands from going back together?

A

by binding proteins to them

36
Q

What does primase do?

A

lays a few sequences of RNA because DNA polymerase gets confused and needs direction

37
Q

What does DNA polymerase do?

A

makes a new strand of DNA from the parent template

38
Q

What does ligase do?

A

glues the backbone of the new daughter strands

39
Q

What is the leading strand?

A

the template strand so that has the perfect orientation for DNA polymerase to continually do its job

40
Q

What is the lagging strand?

A

the template strand that DOES NOT have the perfect orientation

41
Q

What is a negative result of the lagging strand?

A

short fragments of DNA called Okazaki fragments

Biology (9 decks)

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