Taxonomy Flashcards
When and Who was first to propose the domain system?
1990
Carl Woese decided that there should be a place above kingdom
What did Woese also suggest?
That archaea may be more closely related to eukaryotes than to eubacteria
Who is the founder of modern taxonomy?
Carl Linnaeus invented the binomial nomenclature system we use today
What is the definition of Taxonomy?
Branch of biology concerned with the classification of organisms
What is the current taxonomic order?
Domain (all life) Kingdom (most inclusive) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
What is a taxon?
group of organism defined by the classification scheme
What groups do the binomial nomenclature represent?
The genus then species
How are organisms placed into groups ?
Placed based on their evolutionary relatedness
How are species names created?
based on peoples names, what they contribute to (bread, beer) or what they look like/from
How did bacteria and archaea arise?
From multiple common precursor progenitors, not just one
What are some characteristics of the archaea domain?
Prokaryote (single cell no nucleus)
Extremophiles
Representatives of the first living cells
What are some characteristics of the bacteria domain?
Prokaryotes
Proteobacteria is the big phylum
What are characteristics of proteobacteria?
- diverse group of gram negative bacteria
- Photo,chemo anf heterotrophs
- anaerobic and aerobic
- 5 subgroups: Alpha, beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon
What are characteristics and examples of the subgroup alpha of proteobacteria ?
Symbions or parasites of eukaryotes
Mitochondria evolved from here
-Rhizobium: N fixing for legumes
-Agrobacterium: crown gall disease in plants
What are characteristics and examples of the subgroup beta of proteobacteria ?
Diverse
-soil bacterial that have a role in N recycling
What are characteristics and examples of the subgroup gamma of proteobacteria ?
Some are photosynthetic
- Salmonella: food poisoning
- Vibrio cholera: Cholera
- E coli, human intestines
What are characteristics and examples of the subgroup delta of proteobacteria ?
Myxobacteria: from elaborate colonies
Dbellovibrios: predators of other bacteria
What are characteristics and examples of the subgroup eplsilon of proteobacteria ?
Closely related to deltas
-Helicobacter pylori: causes ulcers
What are chlamydiam?
Parasites that can only live in animals
What are spirochetes?
Free living Helical heterotrophs with internal flagellum
- Borrelia burgdorfei: lime disease
- Treponema pallidum: form of syphilis
What are characteristics and examples of the gram positive bacteria?
Actinomycetes: look fungal but give soil the earthy smell
- TB
- Impotant antibiotics like streptomycin
- Mycoplasma: no wall
What are cyanobacteria?
Phototrophic prokaryotes with plant like photosynthesis
- chloroplasts evolved here
- single cell of filamentous
What is a dichotomous key?
Helps identify which species you are trying to identify
What are characteristics and examples of the kingdom Protista?
Diverse single celled and often look like animals but aren’t. Some are autotrophs.
- Algae
- Slime molds
- amoeba
- paramecia
