The Fungi Flashcards
(36 cards)
What are the main characteristics of fungi?
- No Chlorophyll
- Walls contain chitin
- Not truly multicellular
- Heterotrophs (saprophytes or decomposers)
How do moulds grow?
As long tangled filaments our cells in visible colonies
What are 2 yeasts that are unicellular fungi?
- Saccrfomyoces
- Candida
How do fungi life cycles function?
Growth phase and reproductive phase
How do must fungi exist?
As hyphae, as part of a mycelium
What divides the cells of a mycelium?
Septa divides the cytoplasm
What does it mean for a fungi to be coenocytic?
Hyphae contains many nuclei
How is fungal growth influenced?
- Nutrient absorption
- Aerobic
- Room Temp its optimal growth (psychrophilic)
- Like slightly more acidic pH
What is a mycorrhizae?
Fungi that lives in a mutualistic symbiosis with plant roots
-they help take up water an minerals
What is an endophyte?
Fungal endophytes live in plant tissue, in particularly leaves.
-may produce toxins
How do fungi reproduce?
Mostly via spore formation
- asexual
- in fruiting bodies
Where do the spores develop?
In sacs called sporangia
- some spores are produced not in sacs
What does the fragmentation of hyphae yield?
Arthrospores
When do fungi reproduce sexually?
In harsh and changing conditions
-more favourable conditions they are more likely to reproduce asexually
What is the group of more advanced fungi?
Dikaryamycota
What can dikaryamycota be subdivided into?
Basidiomycota: Mushrooms
Ascomycota: Moulds, cheese, fruit+bread
What are zygomycetes?
Terrestrial fungi that grow as mould on bread and produce
-during sexual reproduction they form a heterokaryotic diploid zygospore
What accounts for 75% of final species?
Ascomycetes
- yeast
- some mushrooms
- mould
What do ascomycetes produce?
Conidia through asecual production (spore lines, not sacs)
Ascospores through sexual reproduction (in sacs)
What are lichens?
mutualistic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism
What do basidiomycetes usually produce?
Club fungi (typical mushroom) and puffballs
Where are sexual spores produced on basidiomycetes?
Basidia on the gills of a mushroom cap contain sexually produced basidiospore
What shape is the fungus in most of the time?
Most of the time the fungus is the cell shape of the hyphae
-true mushroom shape is only a result when it wants to reproduce
What does the term yeast mean?
Represents a term for any single celled stage of fungus
