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Botany Lecture Unit 2 > Taxonomy and Roots > Flashcards

Taxonomy and Roots Flashcards

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1
Q

Taxonomy

What kingdom are plants in

A

Kingdom Plantae

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2
Q

Taxonomy

What phylum are monocots and dicots in?

A

Phylum Magnoliophyta

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3
Q

Taxonomy

What class are monocots?

A

Class Liliopsida

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4
Q

Taxonomy

What class are dicots ?

A

Class Magnoliopsida

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5
Q

Roots

Roots are an __ system

A

Organ system

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6
Q

Roots

Functions (4)

A

Absorb water and minerals

Support and anchors

Propogation

Food storage

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7
Q

Roots

Can group up to ___ feet down

A

175 feet

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8
Q

Roots

Can grow up to ___ feet across

A

50 feet

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9
Q

Roots: Development

Radicle =

A

Embryo’s root

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10
Q

Roots: Development

Taproot system =

___ growing

A

Single large root

Deep growing

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11
Q

Roots: Development

Fibrous root system =

A

Network of small roots

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12
Q

Roots: Development

Other roots - Adventitious roots =

A

Grow from stem in an abnormal area

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13
Q

Roots: Structure

4 regions

A
  1. Root cap
  2. Meristematic region
  3. Region of elongation
  4. Region of maturation
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14
Q

Roots: Structure

Root cap purpose?

A

Penetrating soil and acts as a wedge.

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15
Q

Roots: Structure

Root cap cells are ___ against the soil as the root extends. Cells are ___.

A

Mashed

Lubricant

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16
Q

Roots: Structure

Root cap amyloplasts contain starch and detect ___

A

“down”

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17
Q

Roots: Structure

Root cap amyloplast gravitropism definition?

Gravitropism type?

A

Respond to gravity

Positive - towards gravity

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18
Q

Roots: Structure

Meristematic region location?

A

Right behind the root cap

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19
Q

Roots: Structure

Meristematic region purpose

A

Create root cap and other cells

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20
Q

Roots: Structure

Meristematic region is an ___ meristem

A

Apical

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21
Q

Roots: Structure

Meristematic region 3 areas

A

Protoderm

Ground meristem

Procambium

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22
Q

Roots: Structure

Meristematic region

Protoderm creates

A

Epidermis

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23
Q

Roots: Structure

Meristematic region

Ground meristem creates

A

Parenchyma that is the “body” of the root

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24
Q

Roots: Structure

Meristematic region

Procambium creates

A

Xylem and phloem

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25
Roots: Structure Region of Elongation Purpose? (2)
Cells get longer Push root cap and meristematic regions
26
Roots: Structure Region of Elongation How do cells get longer?
Vacuoles fill up
27
Roots: Structure Region of Elongation Location?
Approximately 1cm behind the root cap
28
Roots: Structure Region of Maturation is also known as?
Root hair region
29
Roots: Structure Region of Maturation Root hairs are an extension of the \_\_\_\_
Epidermis
30
Roots: Structure Region of Maturation Root hair purpose?
Increase the surface area
31
Roots: Structure Region of Maturation Thin cuticle disadvantages (2)
Does not do waterproofing Does not protect well against pathogens
32
Roots: Structure Region of Maturation Cortex purpose
Food storage
33
Roots: Structure Region of Maturation What separate the cortex from the vascular cylinder?
Casparian strip
34
Roots: Structure Region of Maturation Endodermis secretions? What is the structure called?
Lignin and suberin Casparian strip
35
Roots: Structure Region of Maturation Passage cells purpose?
Filter for water moving from cortex to vascular cylinder
36
Roots: Structure Region of Maturation Vascular cylinder- What is the first layer under endodermis?
Pericycle
37
Roots: Structure Region of Maturation Pericycle may create
Lateral roots
38
Roots: Structure Region of Maturation Pericycle may become
Vascular cambium
39
Roots: Structure Region of Maturation What does xylem in dicots and conifers cross section look like? Phloem?
Xylem - the X Phloem is in the "angle" of the x
40
Roots: Structure Region of Maturation What does xylem in monocots cross section look like? Phloem?
Xylem - loose circles Phloem- is just outside of xylem
41
Roots: Structure Region of Maturation Natural grafting may occur Natural grafting =
Roots from two plants roots come into contact with each other and grow together
42
Specialized Roots Food storage roots purpose
Store starches for energy
43
Specialized Roots Water storage roots location?
Areas of seasonal drought
44
Specialized Roots Propogative roots purpose?
adventitious roots - "suckers"
45
Specialized Roots Pneumatophores purpose
Gas exchange "Snorkels" for underground roots
46
Specialized Roots Aerial roots Prop root purpose?
Support
47
Specialized Roots Aerial roots Adventitious roots purpose
For climbing
48
Specialized Roots Aerial roots How does Banyan tree use them? (2)
Propogation Support
49
Specialized Roots Contractile roots purpose
As roots lose water stem gets shorter
50
Specialized Roots Buttress roots purpose
Support large trees in shallow soil
51
Specialized Roots Parasitic roots purpose
Dig into vascular tissues of another plant
52
Specialized Roots Parasitic roots Haustoria purpose?
Specilized structures that penetrate host plant
53
Specialized Roots Parasitic roots Hemiparasite characteristics? (2 + example)
Takes water from xylem and soil nutrients Does its own photosynthesis Mistletoe
54
Specialized Roots Parasitic roots Holoparasite characteristics? (2+example)
Takes water, minerals, and photosynthetic products Doesn't do photosynthesis Witches hair
55
Mycorrhizae a ___ relationship
Mutualistic
56
Mycorrhizae Symbiosis =
An extended, intimate relationship between individuals of different species
57
Mycorrhizae Mutualism =
A symbiosis wherein both individuals benefit
58
Mycorrhizae Benefit to plants?
Increase in effective root surface area
59
Mycorrhizae Benefit for fungus?
Photosynthetic products
60
Mycorrhizae What are the 2 types?
Endotrophic Ectotrophic
61
Mycorrhizae Endotrophic =
Fungi enters plant cells
62
Mycorrhizae Ectotrophic
Fungi go between cells
63
Root Nodules Purpose?
Areas for bacterial colonies
64
Root Nodules Mutualism with ___ \_\_\_
Soil bacteria
65
Root Nodules Benefit for plants?
Access to nitrogen
66
Root Nodules Benefit for bacteria? (3)
A place to live, protection, photosynthetic products

Botany Lecture Unit 2 (13 decks)

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