Taxonomy, Movement, and Decision Making Flashcards
Lecture 17/18
Fine motor skills
-small muscles to perform small, precise movements
-require high accuracy demands
Gross motor skills
-use of large muscles to perform large, often whole body movements
Qualities of open motor skills
-variable and unpredictable
-require continuous evaluation of tasks and environmental demands
-hockey, football, tennis
Qualities of closed motor skills
-stable and predictable
-can prepare motor actions in advance
-running on a closed track, swimming in assigned lane
Discrete motor skills
-brief actions
-well defined beginning and end
-pitching, swinging a bat
Continuous motor skills
-repetitive and often cyclical
-no clear beginning or end
-can adjust speed of movement
-running, swimming
Serial motor skills
-composed of a group of discrete skills strung together
-pouring a glass of milk
perturbation
-change/disturbance in movement
On average, healthy young adults spend what % of time in the acceleration phase?
45-50%
On average, healthy young adults spend what % of time in the deceleration phase?
50-55%
What factors may increase movement times?
-aging
-damage to nervous system
Process: trajectory control
-considers movement planning and execution as two separate processes
Serial processing
-one activity must be completed before the next can begin
-nervous system explicitly computes, then reinforces hand trajectories when moving to a spatial goal
Describe the variables in the equation f(x) = ax+b for movement parameters
a = slope (rate of change in position, ie. speed)
b = y-int (initial starting position)
Is there variation in hand paths across movement amplitudes, directions, and speeds
No, assumed invariant
What are the three generic steps in a decision making process?
1) input
2) processing
3) output
Examples of environmental/external stimulus
-vision, audition, touch, proprioception
Steps within the “black box”
1) Perception: stimulus identification
2) Decision: response selection
3) Action: response programming
What factors influence the chosen motor response?
-goal of task
-nature of the environment
Def: reaction time
-difference in time btwn stimulus presentation and initiation of motor response
-measuring of processing speed
Def: movement time
-time elapsed from end of reaction time to completion of movement
def: response time
-time elapsed btwn stimulus presentation and end of movement (RT+MT)
simple reaction time
-known stimulus and motor response
-On you mark… set… GO!
Which stage uses the most time in simple RT?
-stimulus identification
-b/c motor response is known and prepared in advanced
