taxonomy unit 2

Question 1

advantages

Answer 1

study the diversity of life
recognize name without language barriers
better understanding of evolution
more complete picture of how life evolves

Question 2

binomial nomenclature

Answer 2

species scientific name composed of the genus and the species in latin

Question 3

groups

Answer 3

(domain) kingdom, Phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 4

species

Answer 4

designation occurs naturally because organisms decide who they mate mate and reproduce with under natural conditions.

Question 5

dichotomous keys

Answer 5

used to identify species
chart or statements
2 pathways
1 less pair of statements than the number of species

Question 6

monera

Answer 6

bacteria and cyanobacteria- single cells that are prokaryotic. went into two separate groups eubacteria and archaebacteria which have differences in their cell eubacteria have peptidoglycan and archaebacteria don’t have peptidoglycan in their cell walls

Question 7

protista

Answer 7

amoeba, unicellular EUKARYOTIC

Question 8

fungi

Answer 8

mushrooms, mould. non motile and cannot photosynthesize heterotrophic. different cell wall and reproduction

Question 9

plantae

Answer 9

photosynthesize- contain chloroplasts and a cell wall that contain cellulose, autotrophs

Question 10

animalia

Answer 10

multicellular, depend on material for food and produce gametes, mobile

Question 11

archetista

Answer 11

viruses- nonliving unicellular and evolve to produce drastic changes in organisms. composed of protein coat surrounding RNA or DNA

Question 12

phylogeny

Answer 12

evolutionary history of an organism.description of the history of descent of a group of organisms and their common ancestor.

Question 13

cladogram

Answer 13

phylogenetic tree- shows the history of an organism- nodes on the tree show the time of speciation

Question 14

clade

Answer 14

group of evolutionary species that consists of all evolutionary descendants of a common ancestor

Question 15

taxa

Answer 15

named clades and species

Question 16

derived trait

Answer 16

differs from its form in common ancestors of a lineage- NODE indicates derived features

Question 17

paraphyletic

Answer 17

includes common ancestor and the some but not all of the descendants

Question 18

polyphyletic

Answer 18

does not include the common ancestor of the group

Question 19

monophyletic

Answer 19

includes the common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor. the group can be removed from the tree with a single cut

Question 20

DNA

Answer 20

the more similar the DNA of two organisms is, the more recently they shared and ancestor.

Question 21

molecular clock

Answer 21

use clomadograms and estimate the times of divergence of lineages

Question 22

mutations

Answer 22

change in the DNA they can be positive, negative or neutral

Question 23

6 taxons

Answer 23

domain
kingdom 
phylum
class 
order
family
genus
species

Question 24

6 kingdoms

Answer 24

archaebacteria-cell walls don’t have peptidoglycan, unicellular, autotroph and heterotroph prokaryotes
eubacteria- prokaryotic, unicellular, heterotroph or autotroph cell walls do have peptidoglycan
protista-eukaryotic, some cell walls have cellulose and some have chloroplasts cellular and unicellular, autotroph or heterotroph amoeba
fungi- eukaryotic, cell walls made of chitin, multicellular or unicellular, heterotroph, mushroom
planate-eukaryotic, cellulose in cell walls and have cell walls, multicellular, autotroph, tree
animalia- eukaryotic, no cell walls or chloroplasts, multicellular, heterotroph, mammals fish me

Question 25

3 domains

Answer 25

archaea-cell wall doesn't have peptidoglycan, membranes have unusual lipids, extremophiles prokaryotic cells bacteria-cell wall has peptidoglycan and they are diverse prokaryotic cells eukarya- all organisms that have a nucleus. contains the four kingdoms plantae animalia fungi and protista

Question 26

species

Answer 26

population that shares characteristics and can breed with one another to produce fertile offspring

Question 27

binomial nomenclature

Answer 27

developed by carols linnaeus and it is a two part name composed of the genus and the species a genus being a group of closely related species. first part is the genus second part is the species which describes a particular characteristic

Question 28

taxon

Answer 28

each level of the hierarchal system of the 7 classifications

Question 29

family

Answer 29

ranked above genus and often grouped into sub families

Question 30

order

Answer 30

broad order of taxonomic categories and is composed of similar families

Question 31

class

Answer 31

composed of similar orders for example mammals- warm blooded feed milk to young etc

Question 32

phylum

Answer 32

several different classes make up a phylum and share important features and internal functions

Question 33

kingdom

Answer 33

second largest all animals are in animalia

Question 34

domain

Answer 34

largest composed of 3 archae, bacteria and eukarya and it is very inclusive

Question 35

phylogeny

Answer 35

evolutionary relationships among organisms and groups organisms into categories. its like evolutionary classification- what species evolved from what ancestor. all members in genus share a common ancestor for them to be similar, and all animals in the same class did as well it was just farther in the past. higher level of taxon, the common ancestor is farther in the past

Question 36

barnacles and limpets

Answer 36

underwent convergent evolution because of similar environments barnacles- larvae different, jointed limns, body divided into segments, shed/ molt external skeleton limpets- have internal anatomy more similar to snails, do shed skeleton

Question 37

derived characteristic

Answer 37

characteristics that appear in recent pairs of lineage but not the older members derived characteristics can make cladogram

Question 38

cladogram

Answer 38

shows evolutionary relationships among group of organisms

Question 39

what do genes do

Answer 39

of many organisms show important similarities at a molecular level. these help determine evolutionary relationships and classify organisms. the more similar the genes the more closely related

Question 40

DNA evidence

Answer 40

evolution and how species have changed if the DNA is similar such as the same mutations, they diverged more recently but the more different the DNA is the farther in the past the organisms diverged

Question 41

molecular clocks

Answer 41

uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independently- such as mutations which are slight changes in the DNA- neutral mutations can accumulate in the DNA of different species and can reveal how similar or dissimilar some species are.

Question 42

humans

Answer 42

domain- eukarya- eukaryotic cells kingdom- animalia no cell walls multicellular heterotrophic phylum- chordata- notochord- spinal chord sub phylum vertebrata class- mammilia- warm blooded can feed young hair order-primate- frontally directed eyes flat finger nails family homindae genus homo species sapient