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Biology 11 > Unit 1; cell organelles and microscopes > Flashcards

Unit 1; cell organelles and microscopes Flashcards

1
Q

characteristics of living things

A 
made up of cells 
reproduce-copy of hereditary info; genes
use DNA as universal genetic code 
grow and develop
obtain and use materials 
respond to environment
homeostasis means
evolve over time; population
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2
Q

biosphere then…

A

bioms, ecosystem, community, population, and finally organism or individual

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3
Q

magnification of drawing

A

drawing size divided by actual size

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4
Q

low, med, high magnification

A

low= 4x medium= 10x high=40x the eye piece magnifies 10x so when its on low, 4x 10= 40x magnification

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5
Q

field diameter =

A

actual size x number across field

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6
Q

what is the number across the field

A

how many times the drawing can fit across the view; or field diameter. to find you’d put the image in the microscope to the edge of the view and estimate how many times it will go across.

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7
Q

cell theory

A

all living things contain cells
cells are the basic unit of structure in all organisms
new cells are created from old cells

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8
Q

prokaryotes

A

smaller simpler cells such as bacteria that have no nucleus. the genetic material is just in the cell. these cells evolved before the nucleus

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9
Q

eukaryotes

A

more complex and larger cells with specialized functions; organelles. they contain a nucleus which contains the genetic information.there is greater variety of eukaryotes like single cellular or multicellular organisms.

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10
Q

organelle

A

specialized structures living in a cell that preform the different functions necessary to the cells survival needs.

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11
Q

cytoplasm

A

material outside of the nucleus

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12
Q

nuclear envolope

A

nuclear membrane. double lipid bilayer that surrounds the nucleus

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13
Q

chromatin

A

material that chromosomes are made out of; protein RNA DNA

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14
Q

chromosome

A

threadlike structure made of nucleic acid and protein. carries the genetic info in the form of genes

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15
Q

nucleolus

A

small dense sphere in the nucleus of a cell that makes ribosomes

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16
Q

ribosomes

A

small particles of RNA and protein. which produce protein by following coded instruction from the nucleus. like a small little protein factory. located on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and also in the cytoplasm

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17
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

ER. it is an internal membrane system where the lipid components of the cell are assembled and proteins.
two types of ER, rough er and smooth er.
rough er; synthesis of proteins because ribosomes are on the surface, assembly of proteins
smooth er; no ribosomes on surface. contains a collection of enzymes that preform specialized tasks.

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18
Q

golgi apparatus

A

proteins from rough er move in to it and it modifies, sorts and packages the portions for stories and secretion out side of the cell

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19
Q

lysosomes

A

filled with enzymes that digest, or break down lipids carbohydrates and proteins in the cell that are not needed. it cleans up the cell

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20
Q

vacuoles

A

storage; water, salts, proteins, carbohydrates. there are bigger vacuoles in plant cells.

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21
Q

mitochondria

A

converts chemical energy stored in food into usable energy, literally the powerhouse of the cell… but it contains its own DNA

22
Q

chloroplasts

A

found in PLANTS. they capture the suns energy and convert it into chemical energy through a process of photosynthesis. contains its own DNA

23
Q

cytoskeleton

A

supporting structure of the cell. involved in cell movement and transportation. composed of two protein filaments; microfilaments and microtubules

24
Q

microfilaments

A

threadlike structure made of the protein actin and are a rough flexible structure. they help the cell move; assembly and disassembly help in movement.

25
Q

microtubules

A

hollow structures made of the protein tubular. they maintain the cells shape. and they help with cell division by forming mitotic spindle which helps to separate chromosomes.

26
Q

organelles rarely found in plant cells

A

lysosomes are found in animal cells however they are rarely found in plant cells. they contain hydrolytic enzymes however those are found in vacuoles of plant cells.

27
Q

antibody
chemotherapy
extracellular

A

against body
chemical therapy
beyond cell, outside of cell

28
Q

photosynthesis
spermatogenesis
taxonomy

A

making with light
seed production,process of making sperm
arrangement law, rules for classifying

29
Q

zoology
interphase
exoskeleton

A

the study of animals
between phases or time
skeleton on the outside of the body

30
Q

endocytosis
osteopathology
cardiograph

A

within the cell workings
the study of bone abnormalities and diseases
heart write, written record of your heart rate

31
Q

botany

A

the study of plants

32
Q

paleontologists

A

the study of ancient fossils and remains

33
Q

light microscopes

A

focus light rays

34
Q

electron microscopes

A

focus beams of electrons, there are two main types TEMS AND SEMS

35
Q

SEM

A

type of electron microscope that scans a narrow beam of electrons back and forth across the surface, they show 3D images of the surface

36
Q

TEM

A

type of electron microscope that shines a beam of electrons through the specimen and the image shows a detailed view of whats inside the cell.

37
Q

9 cm is how many micro meters

A

90000 micro meters, you go to the right with the decimal

38
Q

56 micro meters is how many cm

A

.0056 cm you go to the left because micro meters are smaller than cm and it wouldn’t make sense to go to the right.

39
Q

actual size=

A

field diameter divided by number across field

40
Q

drawing size =

A

magnification multiplied by actual size

41
Q

iris diaphragm

A

it is the little thing that controls the amount of light going on to the specimen you are observing it is like your iris

42
Q

two things you must do when you want to find an object under high power

A

first put it onto low power, focus and centre it then move to medium centre and focus then proceed to high power

43
Q

similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

they both have a cell membrane and contain DNA

44
Q

difference between plant and animal cells

A

plant cells have a cell wall and contain chloroplasts, they also have larger vacuoles, while animal cells contain centrioles.

45
Q

special info about vacuoles

A

larger in plant cells and small in animal cells it contains a membrane made of PHOSPHOLIPIDS

46
Q

plastid

A

plant organelles that may store starch or pigments; manufacture and store important chemicals

47
Q

cilium

A

short threadlike structure that helps unicellular organisms move( swim rapidly thru liquid) microtubules help make them

48
Q

centrioles

A

NOT IN PLANTS. they are located near the nucleus and help with cell division

49
Q

microtubules (extra)

A

help in formation of centrioles and cell division

50
Q

complex network of channels

A

endoplasmic reticulum

Biology 11 (10 decks)

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