TBL 2: sodium

Question 1

majority of sodium is found in

Answer 1

ECF

Question 2

most abundant cation in body fluids

Answer 2

sodium

Question 3

major source of sodium in American diet

Answer 3

sodium chloride (salt) added to processed foods

Question 4

__ of American adults consume more sodium than recommended

Answer 4

2/3 of American adults consume more sodium than recommended

Question 5

95-100% of sodium is absorbed from these 2 sites

Answer 5

small intestine
proximal colon

Question 6

3 methods of sodium absorption

Answer 6

1. Na+/glucose cotransporter (jejunum)
2. electroneutral Na+/Cl- cotransport exchange transporter (small intestine and colon)
3. electrogenic system (less common, colon)

Question 7

solvent drag __ absorption of sodium and other electrolytes

Answer 7

solvent drag increases absorption of sodium and other electrolytes

Question 8

once absorbed, sodium is transported __ in blood

Answer 8

once absorbed, sodium is transported freely in blood

Question 9

low sodium conc = __, __ fluid in plasma

Answer 9

low sodium conc = hyponatremia, excessive fluid in plasma

Question 10

high sodium conc = __, __ fluid in plasma

Answer 10

high sodium conc = hypernatremia, loss of fluid in plasma

Question 11

electrolyte and fluid balance is regulated by these hormones (4)

Answer 11

1. vasopressin
2. angiotensin II
3. aldosterone
4. natriuretic hormones

Question 12

sodium is crucial for __ pressure and __ balance

Answer 12

sodium is crucial for osmotic pressure and fluid balance

Question 13

sodium in nerve transmission and muscle contraction is a part of __

Answer 13

NA/K ATPase pump in plasma membranes

Question 14

increased dietary sodium intake is associated with increased __ calcium __

Answer 14

increased dietary sodium intake is associated with increased urinary calcium excretion

Question 15

the __ reabsorbs 67% of filtered sodium and chloride

Answer 15

the proximal tubule reabsorbs 67% of filtered sodium and chloride

Question 16

__ absorbs the rest

Answer 16

the loop of Henle

Question 17

__ increases sodium reabsorption by inserting additional Na+ channels

Answer 17

aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption by inserting additional Na+ channels

Question 18

__ promote urinary sodium excretion

Answer 18

natriuretic peptides promote urinary sodium excretion

Question 19

sodium excretion method

Answer 19

mainly urine, some feces

Question 20

in what conditions is a lot of sodium excreted?

Answer 20

very high temp, very vigorous activity, a lot of sodium lost through sweat

Question 21

sodium deficiency can occur when

Answer 21

1. excessive sweating
2. loss of more than 3% of total body weight

Question 22

symptoms of sodium deficiency

Answer 22

muscle cramps
mausea
vomiting
dizziness
shock
coma

Question 23

how to measure sodium

Answer 23

24-hour urinary sodium excretion