Tech Fundamentals (pre-GTM Academy) Flashcards
(40 cards)
What is a Consumption-Based Business
Usage Based model, allowing customer to access a product and pay for what they use.
What is a Database
Databases store data and make it accessible and secure.
A database is an organized collection of data, designed to allow efficient storage, retrieval, and manipulation of information, for consistent and reliable access.
Every application needs a Database.
What is a Computer
An electronic device that processes, stores, and retrieves data.
Every computer has
*Storage (permanent storage)
*Memory (temporary storage),
*Processors.
What is Storage
Physical disk (HDD) or solid state (SSD), retains data at all times, and is the slowest part of a computer.
Memory
Memory (RAM) is a computer component that is a medium (i.e. intermediary that transfers data and instructions) between storage and CPU.
It temporarily stores data, and is used to load applications.
It allows rapid switching between applications and tasks.
It’s fast and expensive. Faster than permanent storage.
If Storage is like a library shelve holding vast amounts of information, Memory (RAM is like the desk (a temporary workspace) where you can keep the books (data and programs) you’re currently using, open them up, and work with them quickly.
Compute (CPU)
The processing power of a computer, driven by the CPU, to execute instructions, perform calculations, and handle tasks.
The Central Processing Unit is the computer’s brain. A bigger CPU means faster processing of instructions.
There’s CPU’s, GPU’s, and other specialized processors
Operating System
exist between hardware and apps. Makes software accessible.
OS: software that manages hardware, resources (computer components, such as cpu, memory, storage, network, I/O devices), and provides services for applications to run (macOS, Windows, Linux)
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
P.D.B.T
This is an iterative framework to develop software:
plan, design, build, test,
planning, creating, testing, deploying, and maintaining software
planning, code, build, test, release, deploy, operate, monitor
What is a Programming Language, and what are some examples (legacy, and modern)?
Programming Languages is a formal structured language used to communicate with Computers. It has vocabular, grammer (syntax), semantics (rules)
Legacy: Fortran (mainframes), .NET (windows)
modern coding languages: Python, JavaScript, C++, PHP, R, Java, Go, MATLAB, etc.
Monolithic Application
A monolithic application is like building that entire house – the kitchen, the bedrooms, the bathrooms, the living room, the plumbing, the electricity – all as one single, giant structure
Everything is connected, one big deployment, and scaling is all or nothing.
Software Application where all components (UI, business logic, data access) are all tightly integrated and run as a single unit.
big and predetermined, large teams (highly sequenced and orderly), development is very slow, with large and infrequent changes. UI, Business Logic, Data Access Layer all bundled together.
Microservices Architecture
Microservices Architecture (MSA): modern apps with modern coding languages split individual functionality into individual pieces.
Separate functions built individually.
Large app is composed of smaller apps.
Communicate via API’s.
Language independent.
Independent scaling.
Benefits: Iterate Quickly, Independent Scaling, and Less Risk to the Application
Application Programming Interface (API’s)
set of rules and tools that allow software applications to communicate with each other by exchanging data or performing functions. It’s an interface.
IaaS
IaaS: virtualized computing resources like servers, storage, networking, managed by the provider, allowing users to build/manage their own systems (e.g. AWS EC2)
PaaS
PaaS offers a platform with tools, framework, runtime environments for developing/deploying applications without managing underlying infrastructure (e.g. Google App Engine)
SaaS
delivers fully managed software application over internet, accessible via subscription, with no need for users to handle installation or maintenance (e.g. Gmail).
Benefits of Cloud Computing
(SNREC)
On-demand self service (simple interface for customer to provision whatever is needed. Typically no human intervention needed)
broad network access (services accessible through any physical location that has internet connection)
resource pooling - cloud provider has large pool of resources, allocates resources to customer, benefits of economies of scale
rapid elasticity - easily scale resources up and down very quickly.
consumption based pricing - pay only for what you use / reserve.
Cloud Regions & Availability Zones
Region is a geographic area where cloud providers data centers are located, containing multiple isolated facilities to host cloud services and resources (e.g. AWS US East-1 in Virginia)
Availability Zone (AZ) is an isolacted location within a cloud region, consisting of one or. more data centers with independent power, cooling, and networking to ensure HA and fault tolerance (e.g. US East 1a, US East 1b)
AZ are a subset of Cloud Regions. Cloud Region encompasses multiple availability Zones.
What is RDBMS / Relational Database
Relational database that stores data in tables and uses SQL to access the data.
The tables contain rows and columns that form highly “structured” data.
Schema
Schema defines the structure of a database.
It is a structured plan that defines how the data will be stored and accessed by the application and/or services.
For example, outlining the Tables (e.g. Customers) and their columns (Order Date), and the Rules (e.g. which columns are required, how tables connect) to keep the data consistent and accessible.
Examples of RDBMS
Oracle, Postgres, DB2, SQL Server, MySQL
What is a Row, Column, and Table
Rows are a record of something
Columns are a specific attribute (e.g. “data about the data”) (it’s what describes what is contained in the rows)
Table is a structured collection of data organized into rows and columns
What is Data Validity
Assurance that data is accurate, consistent, and confirms to defined rules, constraints, and formats. Enforcement thorugh data types, primary/foreign key constraints, and validation rules in the schema.
What is Data Normalization?
Process of Breaking down data into different tables
What are Joins
They bridge information between tables.