Technological developments

Question 1

What factors influence technological developments?

Answer 1

Population increase
Transport and travel
Preservation methods
Media
Environmental factors
Economic understanding and trade
Scientific advancements
Consumer demand
Changes in work/leisure time
Wider understanding of nutrition, diet and health

Question 2

What three factors affect a country’s ability to feed itself?

Answer 2

Land available
Accessible water
Population

Question 3

How are foods often stored during travel?

Answer 3

Frozen

Chilled

Question 4

What developments have there been in transport and travel of foods?

Answer 4

More economic ‘greener’
Biofuels
Drones

Question 5

What does MAP mean in relation to packaging?

Answer 5

Modified atmosphere packaging

Question 6

What is MAP packaging?

Answer 6

Removes air in food packets and replacing with oxygen or nitrogen to slow down how quickly food decays

Question 7

What does HPP stand for?

Answer 7

High pressure processing

Question 8

What is HPP (high pressure processing)?

Answer 8

Cold pasteurisation of sealed packets via water

Question 9

How has the media affected food choice?

Answer 9

Use of apps e.g. tripadvisor, sugarsmart, justeat and deliveroo

Question 10

What are organic foods?

Answer 10

Foods produced without the use of artificial chemicals

Question 11

What is hydroponics?

Answer 11

Growing plants in a water based environment rather than soil

Question 12

What are the advantages to hydroponics?

Answer 12

Higher crop yields than traditional methods

Eliminates the need for large scale pesticide use

Question 13

What are GM foods?

Answer 13

Foods that have specifically had their DNA modified

Question 14

Why have products been genetically modified (GM)?

Answer 14

Improved nutritional value
Non-allergenic foods
Cheaper foods
Improved crop yields
Longer shelf life

Question 15

What concerns are linked to GM foods?

Answer 15

Moral issues e.g. religion - is it right to manipulate course of nature?
Harm to the environment
Poses a danger to humans
Damage to the natural food chain

Question 16

What cheap, protein are we being encouraged to try?

Answer 16

Insects

Question 17

What are functional foods?

Answer 17

Foods that had an additional benefit beyond normal nutrition

Question 18

Probiotics are an example of a functional food. What are they?

Answer 18

Live bacteria and yeasts that have proven health benefits

Question 19

Prebiotics are an example of a functional food. What are they?

Answer 19

Fibres which cannot be broken down by the body so provide food for probiotics

Question 20

Stanols and sterols are examples of functional foods. What are they?

Answer 20

They work to reduce cholesterol absorption so lowers blood cholesterol

Question 21

What types of foods are fortified with stanols and sterols?

Answer 21

Dairy products e.g. benecol

Question 22

What does fortification mean?

Answer 22

Adding nutrients to foods that have been lost through processing

Question 23

What benefits are there to using robots in food processing?

Answer 23

Faster work
More reliable
Improved efficiency
Improved consistency

Question 24

What percentage of food produced is wasted?

Answer 24

33%

Question 25

What are the four categories of factors that influence food choice?

Answer 25

Cooking skills Food budget Lifestyle Time

Question 26

How have cooking skills influenced the trend for increased convenience foods?

Answer 26

Lack of culinary skills | Children cooking more

Question 27

How has lifestyle influenced the trend for increased convenience foods?

Answer 27

Fewer formal eating occasions Rise of one-person households Work-life balance More women working outside the home

Question 28

How had time influenced the trend for increased convenience foods?

Answer 28

More women working outside the home | Higher levels of disposable income

Question 29

How has food budget influenced the trend for increased convenience foods?

Answer 29

Higher levels of disposable income Improvements in packaging Younger consumers with disposable incomes more likely to try new foods

Question 30

What are the benefits to people using convenience foods?

Answer 30

``` Less time cooking Less time planning meals Less time shopping Fewer leftovers Easier to clean up ```

Question 31

What are the disadvantages to people using convenience foods?

Answer 31

Low nutritional quality | More expensive

Question 32

What government healthy eating guidelines are there?

Answer 32

``` Eatwell Guide Change 4 Life Be food smart 5 a day Healthy school meals Live well Eat Better Feel Better ```

Question 33

What does the term climate change mean?

Answer 33

A large scale, long term shift in the planets weather patterns or average temperatures

Question 34

What does the term sustainability mean?

Answer 34

Human activity which is not harmful to the environment and does not deplete natural resources

Question 35

What does the term preservation mean?

Answer 35

Keeping something in its present state or preventing it from being damaged

Question 36

What does the term food miles mean?

Answer 36

The distance food has traveled between production and consumption

Question 37

What is vacuum packaging?

Answer 37

A preservation method that removes all the air from a food container or package before sealing

Question 38

What is pasteurisation?

Answer 38

Heating food to a specific temperature for a specific amount of time to kill microorganisms

Question 39

What is TVP?

Answer 39

Textured vegetable protein | A vegetarian protein made from soya beans

Question 40

What is mycoprotein?

Answer 40

A fungi that is processed to make quorn

Question 41

What is molecular gastronomy?

Answer 41

Scientific study of the physical and chemical processes that occur during cooking