Tectonics Eq2

Question 1

2 Advantages of hazard profiles

Answer 1

• can compare similar hazards with different processes or human vulnerabilities to compare the effects
• can be used to plan for future events or disasters

Question 2

3 disadvantages of hazard profiles

Answer 2

• other not included factors may have a greater influence on the impact
• human factors may be more important than physical
• subjective

Question 3

Definition of a tectonic hazard

Answer 3

An event caused by the movement of tectonic plates which has the potential to threaten human life and property

Question 4

Definition of disaster

Answer 4

The realisation of s hazard when it has a significant impact on a vulnerable population

Question 5

Definition of threshold for resiliance

Answer 5

The point at which a community is able to respond and recover from a disaster

Question 6

Definition of vulnerability

Answer 6

High risk combined with an inability of people and communities to cope

Question 7

Eyjafjallajökull date

Answer 7

2010

Question 8

Iceland volcano impacts

Answer 8

0 recorded deaths, flight delays across europe

Question 9

Iceland volcano magnitude

Answer 9

VEI 4

Question 10

Iceland vulnerability

Answer 10

Volcano was monitored, eruption was predicted, everyone was evacuated

Question 11

Impacts of Indian ocean tsunami

Answer 11

250,000 deaths, outbreak of disease, coastal villages and towns destroyed

Question 12

Impacts of Montserrat

Answer 12

• population has over halved since
• forest fires destroyed farms
• tourism industry collapsed due to closure of airport

Question 13

Impacts of nevado del Ruiz eruption

Answer 13

Death toll 23,000, most of the nearby town was swept away or buried

Question 14

Magnitude and significance of nevado del Ruiz eruption

Answer 14

VEI 4, largest lahar ever recorded

Question 15

Magnitude of Montserrat

Answer 15

VEI 3

Question 16

Was tohoku vulnerable

Answer 16

× everyone had alerts on their phones
✓ tsunami defences gave a false sense of safety - less evacuated
✓ damage to nuclear power station caused increased radiation levels
✓ vulnerable population - 56% of deaths were over age 65

Question 17

What does MMS (moment magnitude scale) measure

Answer 17

Globally applicable logarithmic scale which measures the magnitude of an earthquake from 1 to 10

Question 18

What does the modified mercalli scale measure

Answer 18

Measure of intensity of earthquakes, designed to describe the effects of an earthquake at a given place, measured in Roman numerals from 1 to 12

Question 19

What does VEI measure

Answer 19

The magnitude of a volcanic eruption on a logarithmic scale from 0 to 8 based on the volume of material ejected, eruption cloud height and duration

Question 20

What is a hazard profile

Answer 20

A diagram which shows the main characteristics of different types of hazards with 6 categories: speed of onset, magnitude, duration, aerial extent, spatial predictability and frequency

Question 21

What is the purpose of the degg model

Answer 21

Shows how a disaster only occurs if there is interaction between the vulnerable population and hazard

Question 22

What is the purpose of the pressure and release model

Answer 22

Demonstrates how disasters are shaped by structures and processes that are seemingly unrelated

Question 23

What made areas vulnerable to the nevado del Ruiz eruption

Answer 23

Columbian government was warned to evacuate town as the lahar was predicted yet they chose not to

Question 24

What made Montserrat vulnerable

Answer 24

The entire island is in a 15km radius of the volcano

Question 25

What made Sichuan vulnerable + extra fact

Answer 25

Took place in afternoon, children were in schools which collapsed as buildings were not earthquake proof - since this earthquake, all buildings are built to be earthquake proof

Question 26

What made the Indian ocean affected areas vulnerable

Answer 26

- boxing day - many uneducated tourists - lack of awareness and education - no warning system (has been set up since)

Question 27

What magnitude was the Indian ocean earthquake, and what height was the tsunami

Answer 27

Magnitude 9, height up to 30m

Question 28

What was the magnitude of th Sichuan earthquake

Answer 28

7.9

Question 29

What was the magnitude of the haiti earthquake

Answer 29

7

Question 30

What were the impacts of the haiti earthquake (2 things)

Answer 30

Death toll of up to 300,000, mercalli scale 9

Question 31

What were the impacts of the Sichuan earthquake (3 things)

Answer 31

-4.8 million left homeless - highest ever recorded - cost $140 billion (2nd most expensive recorded) - 87000 deaths

Question 32

What were the impacts of the tohoku earthquake

Answer 32

- cost $235 billion - most expensive recorded - 20,000 died - tsunami formed which reached over 40metres tall

Question 33

When was the haiti earthquake

Answer 33

2010

Question 34

When was the Indian ocean tsunami

Answer 34

2004

Question 35

When was the Montserrat eruption

Answer 35

1995 - 1997

Question 36

When was the nevado del Ruiz eruption

Answer 36

1985

Question 37

When was the Sichuan earthquake

Answer 37

2008

Question 38

When was the tohoku earthquake

Answer 38

2011

Question 39

Why was Haiti vulnerable to the earthquake (3 things)

Answer 39

- poorest country in western hemisphere - corrupt government - unplanned settlements