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Geography > Tectonics Eq2 > Flashcards

Tectonics Eq2 Flashcards

1
Q

2 Advantages of hazard profiles

A
  • can compare similar hazards with different processes or human vulnerabilities to compare the effects
  • can be used to plan for future events or disasters
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2
Q

3 disadvantages of hazard profiles

A
  • other not included factors may have a greater influence on the impact
  • human factors may be more important than physical
  • subjective
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3
Q

Definition of a tectonic hazard

A

An event caused by the movement of tectonic plates which has the potential to threaten human life and property

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4
Q

Definition of disaster

A

The realisation of s hazard when it has a significant impact on a vulnerable population

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5
Q

Definition of threshold for resiliance

A

The point at which a community is able to respond and recover from a disaster

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6
Q

Definition of vulnerability

A

High risk combined with an inability of people and communities to cope

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7
Q

Eyjafjallajökull date

A

2010

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8
Q

Iceland volcano impacts

A

0 recorded deaths, flight delays across europe

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9
Q

Iceland volcano magnitude

A

VEI 4

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10
Q

Iceland vulnerability

A

Volcano was monitored, eruption was predicted, everyone was evacuated

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11
Q

Impacts of Indian ocean tsunami

A

250,000 deaths, outbreak of disease, coastal villages and towns destroyed

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12
Q

Impacts of Montserrat

A
  • population has over halved since
  • forest fires destroyed farms
  • tourism industry collapsed due to closure of airport
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13
Q

Impacts of nevado del Ruiz eruption

A

Death toll 23,000, most of the nearby town was swept away or buried

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14
Q

Magnitude and significance of nevado del Ruiz eruption

A

VEI 4, largest lahar ever recorded

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15
Q

Magnitude of Montserrat

A

VEI 3

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16
Q

Was tohoku vulnerable

A

× everyone had alerts on their phones
✓ tsunami defences gave a false sense of safety - less evacuated
✓ damage to nuclear power station caused increased radiation levels
✓ vulnerable population - 56% of deaths were over age 65

17
Q

What does MMS (moment magnitude scale) measure

A

Globally applicable logarithmic scale which measures the magnitude of an earthquake from 1 to 10

18
Q

What does the modified mercalli scale measure

A

Measure of intensity of earthquakes, designed to describe the effects of an earthquake at a given place, measured in Roman numerals from 1 to 12

19
Q

What does VEI measure

A

The magnitude of a volcanic eruption on a logarithmic scale from 0 to 8 based on the volume of material ejected, eruption cloud height and duration

20
Q

What is a hazard profile

A

A diagram which shows the main characteristics of different types of hazards with 6 categories: speed of onset, magnitude, duration, aerial extent, spatial predictability and frequency

21
Q

What is the purpose of the degg model

A

Shows how a disaster only occurs if there is interaction between the vulnerable population and hazard

22
Q

What is the purpose of the pressure and release model

A

Demonstrates how disasters are shaped by structures and processes that are seemingly unrelated

23
Q

What made areas vulnerable to the nevado del Ruiz eruption

A

Columbian government was warned to evacuate town as the lahar was predicted yet they chose not to

24
Q

What made Montserrat vulnerable

A

Unexpected, no preparation in place

25
Q

What made Sichuan vulnerable + extra fact

A

Took place in afternoon, children were in schools which collapsed as buildings were not earthquake proof
- since this earthquake, all buildings are built to be earthquake proof

26
Q

What made the Indian ocean affected areas vulnerable

A
  • boxing day - many uneducated tourists
  • lack of awareness and education
  • no warning system (has been set up since)
27
Q

What magnitude was the Indian ocean earthquake, and what height was the tsunami

A

Magnitude 9, height up to 30ft

28
Q

What was the magnitude of th Sichuan earthquake

A

7.9

29
Q

What was the magnitude of the haiti earthquake

A

7

30
Q

What were the impacts of the haiti earthquake (2 things)

A

Death toll of up to 300,000, mercalli scale 9

31
Q

What were the impacts of the Sichuan earthquake (3 things)

A

-4.8 million left homeless - highest ever recorded
- cost $140 billion (2nd most expensive recorded)
- 87000 deaths

32
Q

What were the impacts of the tohoku earthquake

A
  • cost $235 billion - most expensive recorded
  • 20,000 died
  • tsunami formed which reached over 40metres tall
33
Q

When was the haiti earthquake

A

2010

34
Q

When was the Indian ocean tsunami

A

2004

35
Q

When was the Montserrat eruption

A

1995 - 1997

36
Q

When was the nevado del Ruiz eruption

A

1985

37
Q

When was the Sichuan earthquake

A

2008

38
Q

When was the tohoku earthquake

A

2011

39
Q

Why was Haiti vulnerable to the earthquake (3 things)

A
  • poorest country in western hemisphere
  • corrupt government
  • unplanned settlements

Geography (12 decks)

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