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teeth abnormalities Flashcards

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1
Q

____________ is defined as “Incomplete or defective enamel formation”

A

Enamel Hypoplasia

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2
Q

what are the 4 causes of Enamel Hypoplasia?

A
  • Turner hypoplasia
  • anti-neoplastic agents
  • fluorosis
  • syphilis
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3
Q

what is attrition? what is abrasion?

A

Attrition: “Physiological” wear due to tooth to tooth contact during occlusion

Abrasion: Tooth structure loss secondary to external agent; variety of patterns
(ex – toothbrush abrasion)

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4
Q

what is Erosion? what is Abfraction?

A

Erosion: Cupped-out depression of occlusal surfaces or cusp tips; associated with regurgitated gastric acid or dietary acid

Abfraction: Wedge-shaped defect limited to cervical area; bruxism associated

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5
Q

what are the treatments for attrition, abrasion, erosion, and abfraction?

A

1) Early diagnosis and intervention
2) Construction of mouth guards
3) Inform patients regarding tooth loss from acidic foods, reflux, etc.
4) Lost tooth structure- replaced with variety restorative procedures

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6
Q

what is internal resorption? what color do effected teeth appear?

A

internal resorption = Destruction of tooth structure accomplished by cells located in the dental pulp

* teeth may appear pink*

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7
Q

what is the treatment for internal resorption?

A

Endo therapy prior to perforation

once communication with PDL, poor prognosis

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8
Q

________________ is defined as: Destruction of tooth structure accomplished by cells located in the PDL

A

external resorption

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9
Q

what are some of the causes of external resorption?

A 
chronic inflammation
cysts
neoplasms
trauma
re-implantation of avulsed teeth
impactions
orthodontic forces
idiopathic.
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10
Q

“extrinsic” tooth stains are caused by a surface accumulation of _________________ which can typically be removed by prophylaxis

A

exogenous pigment

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11
Q

what causes INTRINSIC stains?

A

Endogenous material is incorporated into developing teeth

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12
Q

what are the 2 major causes of internal staining?

A

drugs (tetracycline)

blood pigments (Rh incompatibility)

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13
Q

Erythropoietic porphyria can cause what tooth abnormality?

A

intrinsic staining

  • teeth appear blood red
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14
Q

what is the most common dental DEVELOPMENTAL abnormality?

A

Hypodontia

uncommon in deciduous dentition

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15
Q

Hypodontia in deciduous dentition is stronly associated with what?

A

a missing succcessor (permanent) tooth

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16
Q

list the most commonly missing permanent teeth:

A

Third molars > second premolars > lateral incisors

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17
Q

what is Oligodontia?

A

lack of 6 or more teeth

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18
Q

Hyperdontia occurs in what % of the population?

A

Occurs in 1-3% of the population

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19
Q

is hyperdontia is more frequent in primary or secondary dentition?

A

more prevelant in permanent (secondary)

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20
Q

where is hyperdontia most common?

A

MAXILLARY ARCH (95%)

  • more common in the anterior
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21
Q

Mesiodens; distodens; paramolar are all examples of what condition?

A

Hyperdontia

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22
Q

why can hyperdontia be problematic? when should treatment (extractions) be considered?

A

May affect occlusion, hygiene; may be unesthetic

removal may be indicated to avoid complications related to normal eruption and occlusion

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23
Q

t/f: microdontia can effect the shape of teeth

A

true

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24
Q

what teeth are most commonly effected by microdontia?

A

maxillary laterals (peg) and third molars

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25
t/f: macrodontia is more common than microdontia
FALSE microdontia is more common, macro is rare
26
what is Gemination?
Partial division of single tooth bud; crown appears split
27
where is gemination typically seen?
anterior teeth
28
during fusion, teeth share _______ and _________, but have separate root canals
cementum and dentin
29
would gemination or fusion give you the same amount of teeth per arch?
gemination fusion would give you one less
30
how would you differentiate between fusion and gemination in a clinical setting?
count the teeth if they're missing a tooth- its fusion
31
______________ is characterized by the fusion of two teeth by cementum alone
Concrescence
32
where is Concrescence more commonly found?
posterior maxilla
33
when does concrescence become clinically significant?
Clinically significant if one of the involved teeth must be extracted
34
what is a talon cusp?
- Rare condition that primarily affects the maxillary incisors - Basically an exaggerated cingulum
35
why must treatment for talon cusps be gradual?
gradual removal to allow for secondary dentin formation
36
____________ is the term given for when there is an extra cusp in central developmental groove
Dens Evaginatus
37
which teeth are primarily effected by Dens Evaginatus?
Premolar teeth most commonly affected mandibular predominance
38
what happens to teeth with dens evaginatus?
Tooth often becomes non-vital, presumably due to attrition or trauma to cusp
39
what is another name for "Dens Invaginatus"
dens in dente
40
Dens invaginatus primarily effects which teeth?
maxillary laterals
41
what is the most likely cause of Dens invaginatus (dens in dente)?
invagination of tooth bud during development
42
what happens to most teeth with dens invaginatus?
Affected tooth often becomes non-vital shortly after eruption
43
where are enamel pearls commonly found?
Furcations of maxillary or mandibular molars
44
T/F: Enamel Pearls may have dentin and pulp horns
true
45
what is the main concern with enamel pearls?
May be detected by probing, if mistaken for calculus, can lead to pulp exposure
46
how is Taurodontism identified in a patient?
radiographs
47
what is Taurodontism?
Enlargement of the body and pulp chamber of a multirooted tooth
48
in teeth with Taurodontism, there is an apical displacement of _________ and __________
pulpal floor and furcation
49
what causes Taurodontism?
Result of chromosomal alterations; associated with various syndromes
50
T/F: Hypercementosis can begin in childhood, and progresses throughout adulthood
FALSE only found in adults
51
what condition has a strong association with Paget’s Disease of Bone
Hypercementosis
52
what is hypercementosis?
Asymptomatic deposition of excessive cementum
53
when/why should hypercemetosis be treated?
NO treatment necessary only provides complications during extractions
54
_________ is defined as a curvature/bend of tooth roots
dilaceration
55
what is the etiology/cause of dilaceration?
trauma to developing tooth
56
why would dilacerated teeth cause treatment problems?
Extraction or RCT may be difficult
57
what is Amelogenesis Imperfecta?
Group of uncommon genetic disorders affecting enamel of teeth
58
why is Amelogenesis Imperfecta clinically important? What causes it?
Weak enamel is easily lost Varied patterns of inheritance
59
T/F: Amelogenesis Imperfecta is only seen in adult dentition
False seen in both primary and secondary
60
name the 3 divisions of Amelogensis Imperfecta
Hypoplastic Hypomaturation Hypocalcified
61
what are the clinical, and radiographic, signs of Amalogenesis imperfecta?
Clinical: rough, smooth, pitted, pigmented, or “snow-capped” Radiographic: thin enamel of normal or decreased density; normal root and pulp morphology
62
_____________ is a dental abnormality with an Autosomal Dominant inheritance pattern
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
63
what is the clinical appearance of dentinogenesis imperfecta?
Teeth appear translucent; “Opalescent teeth” Enamel is normal, but poorly supported; rapid attrition of dentition is often seen
64
what are the radiographic findings for dentinogenesis imperfecta?
Bulbous crowns and obliteration of pulps
65
the findings of dentinogenesis imperfecta are similar to what other condition?
osteogenesis imperfecta
66
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta is due to mutation of the ________ gene
DSPP
67
the mutation of the DSPP gene causes a malformation of what protein?
“dentin sialophosphoprotein” - one of the major non-collagenous proteins of dentin
68
what is the inheritance pattern of Dentin Dysplasia? how many types are there?
Autosomal dominant inheritance 2 types
69
what is type 1 dentin dysplasia?
Radicular Dentin Dysplasia Radicular roots are very short “rootless teeth”, obliteration of pulp (crescent-shaped remnant in crown), periapical radiolucencies
70
what is type 2 dentin dysplasia?
Type II: Coronal Dentin Dysplasia Enlarged pulps with “thistle tube” appearance, pulp stones

Oral pathology exam 1 (5 decks)

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