temperature Flashcards
1
Q
temp regulation
A
heat production
heat conservation
heat loss
36.2-37.7
2
Q
brain
A
hypothalamus via thermoreceptors in skin, hypothalamus, spinal cord , abdominal organs and central locations
3
Q
body heat
A
chem run of metabolism
skeletal muscles tone/contraction
4
Q
heat conservation
A
vasoconstriction & vol actions
5
Q
A
Temperature Regulation
1. Temperature regulation is achieved through precise balancing of heat production, heat conservation, and heat loss. The normal range of body temperature is considered to be 36.2° to 37.7°C (96.2° to 99.4°F) overall.
6
Q
A
- Temperature regulation is mediated by the hypothalamus through central thermoreceptors in the skin, hypothalamus, spinal cord, abdominal organs, and other central locations.
7
Q
A
- Body heat is produced through chemical reactions of metabolism and skeletal muscle tone and contraction.
8
Q
A
- Heat is conserved through vasoconstriction and voluntary mechanisms.
9
Q
A
- Infants do not conserve heat well because of their greater body surface to body weight and low
amount of subcutaneous fat. Older adults have poor responses to environmental temperature extremes as a result of slowed blood circulation, structural and functional changes in the skin, and overall decreased heat-producing activities.
10
Q
A
- Body heat is lost through radiation, conduction, convection, vasodilation, evaporation of sweat,
decreased muscle tone, increased respiration, voluntary measures, and adaptation to warmer
climates.
11
Q
A
- Fever is triggered by the release of exogenous pyrogens from bacteria or the release of endogenous pyrogens (cytokines) from phagocytic cells. Fever is both a normal immunological mechanism and a symptom of disease.
12
Q
A
- Fever involves the “resetting of the hypothalamic thermostat” to a higher level. When the fever breaks, the set point returns to normal.
13
Q
A
- Fever of unknown origin is a body temperature greater than 38.3°C (101°F) for longer than 3 weeks’ duration that remains undiagnosed after 3 days of hospital investigation, 3 outpatient visits, or 1 week of ambulatory investigation.
14
Q
A
- Fever production aids responses to infectious processes. Higher temperatures kill many microorganisms, promote immune responses, and decrease serum levels of iron, zinc, and copper, which are needed for bacterial replication.
lethal.
15
Q
A
- Hyperthermia (marked warming of core temperature) can produce nerve damage, coagulation of cell proteins, and death. Forms of accidental hyperthermia include heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and malignant hyperthermia. Heat stroke and malignant hyperthermia are potentially
