Temperature and Ideal Gases Flashcards
chapter 8 (9 cards)
Define temperature
Temperature is a measurement of degree of hotness of an object by quantifying the average kinetic energy of the molecules that make up the object.
Define heat
Heat is the thermal energy that flows from region of higher temperature to region of lower temperature due to a difference in temperature between the two regions.
Thermal equilibrium
When two bodies are in thermal equilibrium, there is no net transfer of thermal energy between the bodies in thermal contact and the bodies are at the same temperature.
List thermometric properties
Volume of fixed mass of liquid
Resistance of metal wires
e.m.f. between junctions of dissimilar metals exposed to different temperatres
Pressure of fixed gas at constant volume
Conversion of Kelvin to degree Celsius
T/K = θ/°C + 273.15
( 0°C = 273.15K)
Ideal Gas Equation
An ideal gas is a theoretical gas that obeys the equation of state pV = nRT at all pressures p, volumes V and thermodynamic temperatures T for a fixed mass of gas. R is the molar gas constant and n in the amount of gas in moles.
( pV = nRT )
Assumptions of the Kinetic Theory of Gases
1) any gas is made up of a large number of particles
2) the particles are in constant and random motion
3) the particles make perfectly elastic collisions among themselves and with the wall of the container. ( no loss of kinetic energy during collision)
4) the volume of each particle is negligible compared to the volume of the gas. ( any two particle are considered far apart )
5) the forces between particles are negligible except during time of collision. ( microscopic potential energy is constant, 0J)
6) the duration of collisions is negligible compared with the time interval between collisions.
Ideal Gas formula
pV = nRT
(sub n = N/Na)
pV = NkT
pV = 1/3 Nm<c²>
( n is no of mole, N is no. particle, m is mass of one particle)
(R, k is constants)
kinetic energy formula of particles
E = 3/2 NkT = 3/2 nRT = 3/2 pV
