Term 1 - Energy and Resources

Question 1

what is energy?

Answer 1

the ability to do work

Question 2

what is kinetic energy?

Answer 2

Energy an object possesses due to its motion

Question 3

what are types of kinetic energy?

Answer 3

• Sound energy - particles vibrate
• Light energy - electromagnetic radiation rays
• Electrical energy - moving charges

Question 4

what is potential energy?

Answer 4

Energy stored in objects waiting to be used

Question 5

what are types of potential energy?

Answer 5

• Gravitational pot.
• Elastic pot. - energy object possess due to being stretched or compressed
• Chemical pot.
• Nuclear pot.

Question 6

what is graviational potential energy?

Answer 6

Energy an object possess due to its position in the gravitational field

Question 7

what is the gravitational potential formula in words?

Answer 7

Larger mass + height = the more gravitational potential it gains

Question 8

what is chemical potential energy?

Answer 8

Energy that is stored in the chemical bonds between particles

Question 9

describe a, b and c in terms of their gravitational potential and kinetic energy:

Answer 9

A = kinetic with increasing gravitational potential
B = high gravitational potential energy low kinetic
C = high kinetic decreasing gravitational potential energy

Question 10

What is the difference between the transfer of energy and transformation?

Answer 10

Transfer - flow of energy from one object to another (e.g: potential to kinetic)

Transform - conversion of one form of energy to another (potential and kinetic)

Question 11

what is thermal energy?

Answer 11

Measure of total KE of all particles in a substance

Question 12

what is heat energy?

Answer 12

Amount of energy transferred from on object due to a difference in temp

Question 13

what is temperature?

Answer 13

speed particles are moving

Question 14

what is the difference between convection, conduction and radiation?

Answer 14

Conduction - travels in a solid
Convection - travels in liquids or gases
Radiation - transferred WITHOUT particles

Question 15

is matte black a good or bad emitter, absorber and reflector of radiation?

Answer 15

absorber - good
emitter - good
reflector - bad

Question 16

is shiny silver a good or bad emitter, absorber and reflector of radiation?

Answer 16

absorber - bad
emitter - bad
reflector - good

Question 17

what is current? (2)

Answer 17

• measure of the rate of flow of electrons
• measured in amps

Question 18

what is potential difference?

Answer 18

force driving the flow of electrons

Question 19

what is resistance? (2)

Answer 19

• everything that resists / opposes the flow of electrons
• Measured in ohms (Ω)

Question 20

what is voltage? (2)

Answer 20

• Amount of energy supplied by energy sourced or used by energy user
• Measured in volts (V)

Question 21

what is a sankey diagram with explanation? (3)

Answer 21

• Biggest side where the arrows start in the useful energy input
• Biggest arrow is always the useful energy output
• Smallest arrow always the wasted energy output

Question 22

how do we find efficiency?

Answer 22

Question 23

what are the 4 types of light bulbs with their explanations?

Answer 23

Incandescent bulbs - cheapest to buy, most expensive to run

Halogen bulbs - more expensive and only slightly more efficient.

CFL bulbs - moderately priced and more efficient, saving money over time.

LED bulbs - cost the most upfront but are by far the most efficient and cheapest in the long run.

Question 24

what is the kinetic energy formula?

Answer 24

Question 25

what is the gravitational potential formula?

Answer 25

Question 26

what is the power formula?

Answer 26

Question 27

what is the cost formula?

Answer 27

Question 28

what is the relationship between current, voltage and resistance? (2)

Answer 28

- As the resistance increases, the flow of electrons decreases so the current decreases (current is inversely proportional to resistance) - As the voltage increases, the electrons have more energy and flow faster so the current increases (current is directly proportional to voltage)

Question 29

what does ohms law state?

Answer 29

Law states that electric current is proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance

Question 30

what is the ohms law formula?

Answer 30

Question 31

what do the power ratings of electrical appliances tell you?

Answer 31

- Tells you how much power an appliance uses - Tells you how efficient the appliance is - Tells you the cost of the power - Tells you how sustainable the appliance is

Question 32

what are 3 advantages for renewable energy?

Answer 32

Won't run out Better for the environment Less pollution More long term cost efficient Creates more jobs Low maintenance cost

Question 33

what are 3 disadvantages of renewable energy?

Answer 33

Not always reliable Startup costs expensive Geographical limitation Produces smaller scales of energy Weather dependent

Question 34

what are 3 advantages of non renewable energy?

Answer 34

Income for countries (export) Cheap start up cost Not weather dependent Infrastructure already there Produces energy at larger scale

Question 35

what are 3 disadvantages of non renewable energy?

Answer 35

More pollution Environmental damage Finite resources

Question 36

what is the definition of sustainability?

Answer 36

ability to meet current energy needs without compromising ability for future generations to meet their needs

Question 37

how is coal made?

Answer 37

dead plant + animal matter under extreme heat + pressure

Question 38

how is natural gas and oil made?

Answer 38

dead plant material under extreme pressure + heat

Question 39

what does the energy flow diagram for coal look like?

Answer 39

Question 40

Why is energy constantly developing?

Answer 40

trying to meets the needs of the population and managing the reate of pollution and climate to make our world more sustainable and cleaner for the future.

Question 41

what are 5 key characterstics of minerals?

Answer 41

Naturally occurring Inorganic Solid Definite chemical composition Crystalline structure

Question 42

what are 3 examples of minerals in australia and what are there uses?

Answer 42

Coal - steel making and energy Iron ore - steel production Bauxite - aluminium production Gold - jewlery, electronics + currency Uranium - nuclear energy Lithium - used in batteries