Term 2 Part 1 - Chemistry of Materials

Question 1

what is an atom?

Answer 1

the smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

what is the atomic mass equivalent to?

Answer 3

number of protons

Question 4

how do you work out the amount of neutrons?

Answer 4

Neutrons = atomic mass - protons

Question 5

what side are the metals on?

Answer 5

left side

Question 6

when are atoms stable?

Answer 6

Atoms are STABLE when they have a full valence shell (the outer shell has 8 electrons or the last shell has the amount of electrons it should have)

Question 7

when are atoms unstable?

Answer 7

Atoms are NOT STABLE when they don’t have a full outer shell and tend to react with other atoms to become stable and have a full outer shell

Question 8

what is an ion?

Answer 8

a charged particle formed when an atom gains or loses electrons

Question 9

what is a cation vs an anion?

Answer 9

when an atom loses an electron and becomes positively charge vs when atoms gain electrons and become negatively charged

Question 10

what does ionic bonding occur between?

Answer 10

when atoms gain electrons and become negatively charged

Question 11

how many pairs of electrons in a single bond?

Answer 11

one pair

Question 12

how many pairs of electrons in a double bond?

Answer 12

two pairs

Question 13

how many pairs of electrons in a triple bond?

Answer 13

three pairs

Question 14

what are 3 examples of diatomic molecules?

Answer 14

H₂ - hydrogen I₂ - iodine
N₂ - nitrogen
Cl₂ - chlorine
F₂ - fluorine
Br₂ - bromine
0₂ - oxygen

Question 15

what do covalent bonds occur between?

Answer 15

Covalent bonds occur between non-metals

Question 16

what does metallic bonding occur between?

Answer 16

metals

Question 17

what are 5 (out of 8) properties of metals?

Answer 17

• Conductivity electric
• Conductivity thermal
• Malleable + ductile
• High melting
• High boiling points
• High density
• Sonorous
• Solid at room temperature

Question 18

what are 6 properties of ionic bonding?

Answer 18

• High melting/boiling points
• Crystal lattice.
• Brittle
• Conducts electricity as a liquid/solution
• Ions are free to move
• Does not conduct electricity as a solid

Question 19

what are 2 uses for ionic?

Answer 19

Electrolytes- batteries/medical electrical conductivity in a solution
Ceramics – high melting point and hardness

Question 20

what are the 4 properties of covalent bonding?

Answer 20

• High melting point
• Diamond – very hard
• Graphite – slippery
• Graphite – conducts electricity

Question 21

what are 2 uses for covalent?

Answer 21

Plastics (polymers) – lightweight, non-conductive, packaging, etc.
Diamond – cutting tools; extremely hard

Question 22

what are the 4 properties of metallic bonding?

Answer 22

• Conduction of electricity
• Malleable & ductile
• High melting/boiling points
• Lustrous/shiny

Question 23

what are 3 uses of metallic bonding?

Answer 23

Copper & aluminium – electrical wiring (conductivity + flexibility)
Iron & steel – strength + malleability
Gold & silver – electronics & jewellery (for conductivity + appearance)

Question 24

what is an organic compound?

Answer 24

Chemical compounds where one or more atoms of carbon are covalently linked to atoms of hydrogen and may also contain other elements such as oxygen and nitrogen

Question 25

what are the 4 classes of organic compounds?

Answer 25

1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3.Proteins 4. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

Question 26

what is a macromolecule?

Answer 26

large molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen and use covalent bonds

Question 27

what is an inorganic compound?

Answer 27

chemical compound that does NOT contain both carbon and hydrogen. Many inorganic compounds do contain hydrogen atoms (such as water and hydrochloric acid) and only a handful contain carbon, but they need to contain both for it to be organic.

Question 28

what are hydrocarbons?

Answer 28

Simplest type of organic compounds that are organic and composed entirely of carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons are classified on the type of bonds between carbon atoms

Question 29

what are the 2 main types of hydrocarbons?

Answer 29

Alkanes, alkenes

Question 30

what is an alkane?

Answer 30

Hydrocarbon only contains single bonds between the carbons and hydrogens

Question 31

what would a one carbon alkane be called?

Answer 31

meth - one ane - alkane ⁂ methane

Question 32

what is the formula to work out the chemical formulas of alkane with just name/drawing?

Answer 32

The formula is 2(n+2)

Question 33

what does this formula find?

Answer 33

the number of hydrogen atoms

Question 34

how is crude oil formed?

Answer 34

Formed from dead sea plants and animals under high heat and pressure for millions of years

Question 35

what does fractional distillation do?

Answer 35

Separates various hydrocarbon chains

Question 36

what is the rhyme for fractional distillation oils?

Answer 36

Long pickles kill dainty lettuce, (which) heals broccoli

Question 37

what is combustion?

Answer 37

it is a chemical reaction where a fuel reacts with oxygen and energy is released when the chemical bonds in the fuel are broken and new bonds are formed

Question 38

what is complete combustion?

Answer 38

Hydrocarbons react with PLENTY of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water

Question 39

what is the formula for complete combustion?

Answer 39

CH₄ + O₂ → CO₂ + O₂

Question 40

what is the ratio of methane to oxygen?

Answer 40

1:2, so plenty of oxygen

Question 41

what is incomplete combustion?

Answer 41

A fuel reacts with an INSUFFICIENT amount of oxygen to form carbon monoxide, water and carbon