Terminology of Neoplasms

Question 1

Our terminology evolved largely historically and still remains largely (blank).

Answer 1

descriptive

Question 2

Are their exceptions to the descriptive rules?

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

As we increase our knowledge of molecular mechanisms of cancer, molecular (blank) will supplement but not replace our descriptive terminology

Answer 3

mechanisms

Question 4

Define what benign is classified as:

Answer 4

unrestrained growth
circumscribed borders
rarely kills host

Question 5

Define what malignant is classified as:

Answer 5

unrestrained growth
invasion of surrounding tissues
metastasizes and eventually kills the host

Question 6

What are these four properties of?
Uncontrolled growth
invasion and metastasis
clonal dominance
loss of differentiation

Answer 6

properties of cancer

Question 7

What does clonal dominance mean?

Answer 7

derived from common ancestor cell

Question 8

What happens in intraductal hyperplasia?

Answer 8

Eptihelial cells start to proliferate

Question 9

What happens in intraductal hyperplasia with atypia?

Answer 9

They become a little atypical

Question 10

What happens in intraductal carcinoma in situ?

Answer 10

the atypical cells are limited by surrounding baasement membrane

Question 11

What happens in invasive ductal cancer and how long does it take the cancer to get to this point?

Answer 11

the cancer starts to break out and invade. May take 12-15 years

Question 12

What does this define:

active migration of neoplastic cells out of their tissue of origin and across host tissue boundaries.

Answer 12

Cancer Invasion

Question 13

Cancer cells have a lot of obstacles to become metastatic, what are they?

Answer 13

break through basement membrane and collegen, dodge the immune system and dive into a lymphatic vessel or blood vessel

Question 14

Swelling or mass; nonspecific suffix “__oma”

Answer 14

tumor

Question 15

New growth

Answer 15

neoplasia

Question 16

Greek word Onkos=mass, bulk

Answer 16

oncology

Question 17

crab like appearance

Answer 17

cancer

Question 18

Mesenchymal origin, “____oma”

Answer 18

benign

Question 19

mesenchymal origin, “___sarcoma”

Answer 19

malignant

Question 20

Epithelial origin, “_____adenoma”

Answer 20

benign

Question 21

epithelial origin, “____carcinoma”

Answer 21

malignant

Question 22

A histological or cytological event non-conforming to an established type. In the cancer cell it concerns: the nucleus, cytoplasm, and shape

Answer 22

atypia

Question 23

A reversible histological event in which one adult cell type is changed into another adult cell type (vitamin A deficiency, chronic irritation, chronic infections)

Answer 23

metaplasia

Question 24

Will you see malignant cancer more often in epithelial origin or mesenchymal origin?

Answer 24

epithelial

Question 25

What does this define: a secondary tumor colony discontinuous from the primary tumor AND arising from a tumor cell translocated from the primary tumor.

Answer 25

Metastasis

Question 26

What are the 3 modes of metastasis?

Answer 26

through lymphatics, blood vessels, and pleural of long body cavities

Question 27

what is this the definition of: | abnormal mass of tissue with excessive and uncontrolled growth "transformed"

Answer 27

neoplasm

Question 28

What is this the definition of: | Abnormal growth of tissue

Answer 28

tumor

Question 29

What is the general term for malignant neoplasm?

Answer 29

Cancer

Question 30

What are the two categories of neoplasia?

Answer 30

benign and malignant

Question 31

What can involve adjacent tissue but cannot metastasize? What is able to invade and damage adjacent tissue and metastasize?

Answer 31

Benign, Malignant

Question 32

What are the two components of neoplasia?

Answer 32

transformed (neoplastic) and non transformed (supporting stroma)

Question 33

Papilloma, papillary, polyp, pedunculated, sessile invasive or encapsulated are all descriptive terms used with (blank).

Answer 33

tumors

Question 34

what is a small wartlike growth on the skin or on a mucous membrane, derived from the epidermis and usually benign.

Answer 34

papilloma

Question 35

What is a small rounded protuberance on a part or organ of the body, nipple-like

Answer 35

papillary

Question 36

What is a small growth, typically benign and with a stalk, protruding from a mucous membrane.

Answer 36

polyp

Question 37

What does it mean when something looks if it has a long stalk, polyps are considered this.

Answer 37

pendunculated

Question 38

What does it mean when something is attached directly by the base : not raised upon a stalk or peduncle,permanently attached, immobile

Answer 38

sessile

Question 39

What is it called when something tends to spread prolifically and undesirably or harmfully.

Answer 39

invasive

Question 40

What is it called when something is in a capsule or surrounded by a gelatinous or membranous envelope?

Answer 40

encapsulated

Question 41

what can be benign or malignant and is derived from one or more germ layers?

Answer 41

mixed mesenchymal/epithelial tumors

Question 42

``` What are these categorized as: Squamous cell papilloma adenoma cystadenoma liver cell adenoma renal tubular adenoma transitional cell papilloma ```

Answer 42

benign epithelial neoplasms

Question 43

``` What are these categorized as: Squamous cell carcinoma adenocarcinoma cystadenocarcinoma hepatocellular carcinoma renal cell carcinoma papillary transitional cell carcinoma ```

Answer 43

Malignant epithelial neoplasms

Question 44

``` What are these categorized as: fibroma osteoma chondroma lipoma leiomyoma rhabdomyoma hemangioma ```

Answer 44

benign mesenchymal neoplasms

Question 45

``` What are these categorized as: fibrosarcoma osteosarcoma chondrosarcoma liposarcoma leiomyosarcoma rhabdomyosarcoma hemangiosarcoma ```

Answer 45

malignant mesenchymal neoplasms

Question 46

What are these categorized as: pleomorphic adenoma ibroadenoma mature teratoma/ dermoid cyst

Answer 46

benign mixed tumors

Question 47

What are these categorized as: malignant mixed tumor of salivary gland malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes immature teratoma, teratocarcinoma

Answer 47

Malignant mixed tumors

Question 48

Are these malignant, or benign? Why? | hepatoma, lymphoma, melanoma, mesothelioma, seminoma

Answer 48

these are malignant; they are an exception to the rule

Question 49

What is this? hamartoma- disorganized overgrowth of normal tissue, it grows at the same rate as the surrounding tissues. It is composed of tissue elements normally found at that site, but which are growing in a disorganized mass. They occur in many different parts of the body and are most often asymptomatic and undetected unless seen on an image taken for another reason. choristoma- ectopic mass of tissue abnormal for site

Answer 49

A benign non-neoplastic growth. NOT A neoplasm, because"The growth of neoplastic cells exceeds and is not coordinated with that of the normal tissues around it."

Question 50

Neoplasm of bone marrow origin has what suffix?

Answer 50

__emia i.e. leukemia

Question 51

Neoplasm of embryonic origin has what suffix?

Answer 51

__blastoma.. i.e neuroblastoma

Question 52

What is hodgkin's disease?

Answer 52

lymphoma

Question 53

What is Ewing's sarcoma?

Answer 53

sarcoma of bone

Question 54

What is Kaposi's sarcoma?

Answer 54

hemangiosarcoma

Question 55

What is Krukenberg's tumor?

Answer 55

metastases to ovaries

Question 56

What are some really weird exceptions to all the above rules?

Answer 56

hematoma (swelling due to blood) and glaucoma (a condition of increased pressure within the eyeball, causing gradual loss of sight.)