Flashcards in Terminology of Neoplasms Deck (56)
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1
Our terminology evolved largely historically and still remains largely (blank).
descriptive
2
Are their exceptions to the descriptive rules?
yes
3
As we increase our knowledge of molecular mechanisms of cancer, molecular (blank) will supplement but not replace our descriptive terminology
mechanisms
4
Define what benign is classified as:
unrestrained growth
circumscribed borders
rarely kills host
5
Define what malignant is classified as:
unrestrained growth
invasion of surrounding tissues
metastasizes and eventually kills the host
6
What are these four properties of?
Uncontrolled growth
invasion and metastasis
clonal dominance
loss of differentiation
properties of cancer
7
What does clonal dominance mean?
derived from common ancestor cell
8
What happens in intraductal hyperplasia?
Eptihelial cells start to proliferate
9
What happens in intraductal hyperplasia with atypia?
They become a little atypical
10
What happens in intraductal carcinoma in situ?
the atypical cells are limited by surrounding baasement membrane
11
What happens in invasive ductal cancer and how long does it take the cancer to get to this point?
the cancer starts to break out and invade. May take 12-15 years
12
What does this define:
active migration of neoplastic cells out of their tissue of origin and across host tissue boundaries.
Cancer Invasion
13
Cancer cells have a lot of obstacles to become metastatic, what are they?
break through basement membrane and collegen, dodge the immune system and dive into a lymphatic vessel or blood vessel
14
Swelling or mass; nonspecific suffix "__oma"
tumor
15
New growth
neoplasia
16
Greek word Onkos=mass, bulk
oncology
17
crab like appearance
cancer
18
Mesenchymal origin, "____oma"
benign
19
mesenchymal origin, "___sarcoma"
malignant
20
Epithelial origin, "_____adenoma"
benign
21
epithelial origin, "____carcinoma"
malignant
22
A histological or cytological event non-conforming to an established type. In the cancer cell it concerns: the nucleus, cytoplasm, and shape
atypia
23
A reversible histological event in which one adult cell type is changed into another adult cell type (vitamin A deficiency, chronic irritation, chronic infections)
metaplasia
24
Will you see malignant cancer more often in epithelial origin or mesenchymal origin?
epithelial
25
What does this define:
a secondary tumor colony discontinuous from the primary tumor AND arising from a tumor cell translocated from the primary tumor.
Metastasis
26
What are the 3 modes of metastasis?
through lymphatics, blood vessels, and pleural of long body cavities
27
what is this the definition of:
abnormal mass of tissue with excessive and uncontrolled growth "transformed"
neoplasm
28
What is this the definition of:
Abnormal growth of tissue
tumor
29
What is the general term for malignant neoplasm?
Cancer
30
What are the two categories of neoplasia?
benign and malignant
31
What can involve adjacent tissue but cannot metastasize? What is able to invade and damage adjacent tissue and metastasize?
Benign, Malignant
32
What are the two components of neoplasia?
transformed (neoplastic) and non transformed (supporting stroma)
33
Papilloma, papillary, polyp, pedunculated, sessile invasive or encapsulated are all descriptive terms used with (blank).
tumors
34
what is a small wartlike growth on the skin or on a mucous membrane, derived from the epidermis and usually benign.
papilloma
35
What is a small rounded protuberance on a part or organ of the body, nipple-like
papillary
36
What is a small growth, typically benign and with a stalk, protruding from a mucous membrane.
polyp
37
What does it mean when something looks if it has a long stalk, polyps are considered this.
pendunculated
38
What does it mean when something is attached directly by the base : not raised upon a stalk or peduncle,permanently attached, immobile
sessile
39
What is it called when something tends to spread prolifically and undesirably or harmfully.
invasive
40
What is it called when something is in a capsule or surrounded by a gelatinous or membranous envelope?
encapsulated
41
what can be benign or malignant and is derived from one or more germ layers?
mixed mesenchymal/epithelial tumors
42
What are these categorized as:
Squamous cell papilloma
adenoma
cystadenoma
liver cell adenoma
renal tubular adenoma
transitional cell papilloma
benign epithelial neoplasms
43
What are these categorized as:
Squamous cell carcinoma
adenocarcinoma
cystadenocarcinoma
hepatocellular carcinoma
renal cell carcinoma
papillary transitional cell carcinoma
Malignant epithelial neoplasms
44
What are these categorized as:
fibroma
osteoma
chondroma
lipoma
leiomyoma
rhabdomyoma
hemangioma
benign mesenchymal neoplasms
45
What are these categorized as:
fibrosarcoma
osteosarcoma
chondrosarcoma
liposarcoma
leiomyosarcoma
rhabdomyosarcoma
hemangiosarcoma
malignant mesenchymal neoplasms
46
What are these categorized as:
pleomorphic adenoma
ibroadenoma
mature teratoma/ dermoid cyst
benign mixed tumors
47
What are these categorized as:
malignant mixed tumor of salivary gland
malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes
immature teratoma, teratocarcinoma
Malignant mixed tumors
48
Are these malignant, or benign? Why?
hepatoma, lymphoma, melanoma, mesothelioma, seminoma
these are malignant; they are an exception to the rule
49
What is this?
hamartoma- disorganized overgrowth of normal tissue, it grows at the same rate as the surrounding tissues. It is composed of tissue elements normally found at that site, but which are growing in a disorganized mass. They occur in many different parts of the body and are most often asymptomatic and undetected unless seen on an image taken for another reason.
choristoma- ectopic mass of tissue abnormal for site
A benign non-neoplastic growth. NOT A neoplasm, because"The growth of neoplastic cells exceeds and is not coordinated with that of the normal tissues around it."
50
Neoplasm of bone marrow origin has what suffix?
__emia i.e. leukemia
51
Neoplasm of embryonic origin has what suffix?
__blastoma.. i.e neuroblastoma
52
What is hodgkin's disease?
lymphoma
53
What is Ewing's sarcoma?
sarcoma of bone
54
What is Kaposi's sarcoma?
hemangiosarcoma
55
What is Krukenberg's tumor?
metastases to ovaries
56
