Terms

Question 1

Epidemiology

Answer 1

Study of cause, patterns and effects of disease and health conditions in a given population

Question 2

Pathophysiology

Answer 2

How disease processes work to cause dysfunction in the body

Question 3

Pathogenesis

Answer 3

Mechanism that cause disease

Question 4

Congential

Answer 4

Something born with, and that is present at birth. (ex: Down Syndrome; birthmark).

Question 5

Neoplasm

Answer 5

“New growth.” Uncontrolled growth of an abnormal cell line. May be benign or malignant.

Question 6

Psychosomatic

Answer 6

Condition aggravated by mental condition.

Question 7

Latrogenic

Answer 7

Illness caused by medical provider or treatment.

Question 8

Idiopathic

Answer 8

Disease or condition with cause unknown.

Question 9

Organic

Answer 9

Arising from one’s own body

Question 10

Prodrome

Answer 10

Early symptom that may be indicative of the start of disease

Question 11

Subacute

Answer 11

between acute and chronic

Question 12

Subclinical

Answer 12

Disease that has yet to manifest into any clinical symptoms

Question 13

Sequela (sequelae)

Answer 13

Condition that is the consequence of a previous disease or injury (ex: kidney disease can be a sequela of diabetes).

Question 14

Endogenous

Answer 14

Produced or originating within an organism

Question 15

Exogenous

Answer 15

Originating outside the organism

Question 16

Steady State

Answer 16

Homeostasis for specific mechanism (does not have to have zero net change like equilibrium). (Ex: Na/K pump, maintains constant internal concentration of K. K is therefore in a steady state).

Question 17

Diffusion

Answer 17

Molecular movement across membrane from area of higher [ ] to lower [ ] via protein channel. No energy required.

Question 18

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 18

Molecular binding to transporter protein, results in change in shape that passes molecule in/out of cell via diffusion. No energy required.

Question 19

Primary active transport

Answer 19

Molecular mov’t “upstream” against [ ] gradient. Energy required

Question 20

Secondary active transport

Answer 20

[ ] gradients enhanced by primary active transporters moving other molecules (besides primary active transported) against gradient.

Question 21

Osmosis

Answer 21

Diffusion of H2O molecules across membrane. Follow [ ] gradient

Question 22

Hyperosmotic

Answer 22

Cell volume decreases due to water leaving cell for extracellular space

Question 23

Hypoosmotic

Answer 23

Cell volume increases due to water entering cell from extracellular space

Question 24

Reversible cell injury

Answer 24

Cells are able to adapt to, and accommodate stressors

Question 25

Irreversible cell injury

Answer 25

Cells are unable to adapt to stressors.

Question 26

Atrophy

Answer 26

Decrease in size or number of cells

Question 27

Hypertrophy

Answer 27

Enlargement due to size of cell

Question 28

Hyperplasia

Answer 28

Enlargement due to increase in number of cells

Question 29

Metaplasia

Answer 29

Change in cell type from one to another (often from normal to abnormal)

Question 30

Dysplasia

Answer 30

Abnormal change in size, shape and organization of mature tissue

Question 31

Anaplasia

Answer 31

Reversion of cells to immature/less differentiated form (occurs in most malignant tumors).

Question 32

Exudate

Answer 32

Inflammatory extravascular fluid. High specific gravity >1.020

Question 33

Exudation

Answer 33

Escape of fluid, proteins and blood cells from vascular system into interstitial tissue

Question 34

Transudate

Answer 34

Ultrafiltrate of plasma resulting from hydrostatic imbalance across vascular endothelium. Low specific gravity <1.012

Question 35

Transudation

Answer 35

Processes by which transudate is “pushed” across endothelium

Question 36

Sequence of changes in vascular flow associated with acute inflammation

Answer 36

1) Brief, initial vasoconstriction
2) Vasodilation
3) Increased mean cap. pressure
4) Exudation into interstium
5) Vascular permeability increases

Question 37

Primary Intention

Answer 37

Wound closure in which two clean edges. Closes well. Low infection risk, best scaring results.

Question 38

Secondary Intention

Answer 38

Wound is left to heal from outside edges in.

Question 39

Tertiary Intention

Answer 39

Delayed primary closure. Wound left open until greatest infection likelihood has passed. Then closed.

Question 40

Inflammation

Answer 40

Body response to injury by containing/isolating the area, destroying the invading microorganism, inactivating toxins.

Question 41

Cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 41

Calor, rubor, tumor, dolor, function laesa

Question 42

Stages of wound healing

Answer 42

Epithlialization, collagen synthesis, scar maturation

Question 43

General causes of cellular injury

Answer 43

“Please Give Our Cells No Irreversible Injury.”

-Physical. Genetic. Oxygenation. Chemical. Nutritional. Infectious. Immunological.

Question 44

Endocytosis

Answer 44

Regions of plasma membrane invaginate and pinch off to form vesicles (brings a small amount of extracellular material into cell).

Question 45

Exocytosis

Answer 45

Intracellular vesicles fuse with plasma membrane releasing contents into extracellular fluid

Question 46

Chemotaxis

Answer 46

Chemical gradients that attract WBCs to site of inflammation.