Terms

Question 1

What is a state?

Answer 1

A defined territory, a defined population and has internal and external sovreignty

Question 2

Sovereignty

Answer 2

A state’s right to exercise independent authority within its borders (i.e. to govern itself)

Question 3

Internal sovereignty

Answer 3

A state’s monopoly on the legitimate use of force within its own borders

Question 4

External sovereignty

Answer 4

A state’s rights to perform its function without external interference from other states (i.e. autonomy) (Principle of Noninterference)

Question 5

Empire

Answer 5

Had no defined territory or population

Question 6

Dates of the 30 Years War

Answer 6

1618-1648

Question 7

Date of Martin Luther’s 95 Theses

Answer 7

1517

Question 8

Date of Peace of Westphalia

Answer 8

1648

Question 9

Why was the state successful?

Answer 9

State-like entities were the most successful at waging war because of a taxation system and standing armies

Question 10

Nationalism and states

Answer 10

In the 19th and 20th centuries, there was a common idea that evert nation should have their own state

Question 11

Juridical statehood

Answer 11

How a state is recognized by the international community

Question 12

Empirical statehood

Answer 12

How a state functions in reality (i.e. does it really have sovereignty)

Question 13

Purpose of theory

Answer 13

Diagnosis: simplifying a complex world
Prediction: what to expect
Prescription: what action should be taken
Evaluation: was a policy successful

Question 14

Theory

Answer 14

An explanation for why or how outcomes occur

Question 15

Unifying Themes of Classical Liberalism

Answer 15

Optimism about human nature, faith in human reason, variable-sum game, belief in progress and cooperation

Question 16

Sociological liberalism

Answer 16

Transnationalism and a sense of shared community fosters cooperation and peace

Question 17

Interdependence liberalism

Answer 17

(commercial peace) Growing flows of trade and capitalism results in economic interdependence, increasing the costs of war

Question 18

Institutional liberalism

Answer 18

International institution facilitate cooperation between states

Question 19

Republican liberalism

Answer 19

(democratic peace) Shared values between democracies and the consent of the people to go to war means that democracies rarely go to war with each other

Question 20

Blows to liberalism

Answer 20

WWI: interdependence hadn’t stopped the war (interdependence liberalism)
WWII: League of Nations didn’t stop the war (institutional liberalism)

Question 21

Unifying themes of Classical Realism

Answer 21

Pessimism about human nature, people are naturally selfish and power seeking and states are the same, and the international system is anarchic

Question 22

Anarchy

Answer 22

The absence of a higher authority with the ability to effectively regulate state behavior

Question 23

Founders of realism

Answer 23

Thucydides, Machiavelli, and Hobbes

Question 24

Thucydides

Answer 24

Ancient Greek historian who wrote the Melian Dialogue: Athens invaded Melos despite their appeal to morality so he concluded that global politics is about power

Question 25

Machiavelli

Answer 25

States practice public morality, where following private morality rules may be unethical because it hurts the survival of the state

Question 26

Hobbes

Answer 26

The state of nature is the state of war because there is no higher authority

Question 27

Neorealism themes

Answer 27

International system is anarchic, great powers are the main actors, states are unitary and rational and so value security, there is a hierarchy of power, and the international system is uncertain

Question 28

Unitary actor

Answer 28

Each state has one set of primary interests

Question 29

Security dilemma

Answer 29

One country's efforts to increase its own security can make other countries less secure

Question 30

Self-help

Answer 30

Countries can only rely on themselves

Question 31

Levels of Analysis

Answer 31

Individual: looking at leaders State: looking at the state's political system (democracy) System: looking at the state's place on the hierarchy of power

Question 32

Offensive Realism

Answer 32

Mearsheimer: the only reliable path to power is to gain as much as possible; power maximization

Question 33

Defensive Realism

Answer 33

Waltz: it is better to seek the appropriate amount of power to maintain a balance

Question 34

Mearsheimer's 5 assumptions

Answer 34

1. international system is anarchic 2. great powers possess offensive military capability 3. there is uncertainty 4. survival is the primary goal 5. great powers are rational actors

Question 35

Motivations for constructivism

Answer 35

Neorealism is too simple, empirical mismatches in history, advances in science, importance of ideology, culture, ideas, and human agency

Question 36

Unifying themes of constructivism

Answer 36

Emphasizes social construct of reality, ideational rather than material view, emphasis on culture, ideology, and social interaction

Question 37

IR theories on anarchy

Answer 37

Liberalist: believe in anarchy but believe we can mitigate it Realist: anarchy is a given Constructivist: anarchy is what people think it is

Question 38

Systemic constructivism

Answer 38

the interaction between states influences each state's identity and behavior

Question 39

Domestic constructivism

Answer 39

Looking inside the state at histories, ideologies, culture, and ideas influences state identity and behavior

Question 40

Wendt: cultures of anarchy

Answer 40

Hobbesian: states see each other as enemies Lockean: states see each other as rivals Kantian: states see each other as friends

Question 41

Logic of Appropriateness

Answer 41

Finnemore: international system sets the norms that instruct states on how to behave to be accepted and civilized

Question 42

Norm

Answer 42

a collective understanding of the proper behavior of actors

Question 43

Measuring norms

Answer 43

Specificity: clarity Durability: how long and how well its been enforced Concordance: do all actors agree it's a norm

Question 44

State system

Answer 44

Politically organized human grouping which occupy distinct territories and exercise a measure of independence from each other (first seen in Hellas 500-100 BC)

Question 45

State values

Answer 45

States exist to uphold these values: security, freedom, order, justice, welfare