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Gr. 10 Anthropology, Sociology, and Psychology > Terms - Anthropology > Flashcards

Terms - Anthropology Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Hominin

A

A human or human ancestor

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2
Q

Fossil

A

Preserved remains of biological matter

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3
Q

Australopithecus afarensis

A

“Lucy”, “Selam”, a member of the human family (3.2mil ya)

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4
Q

Radiometric dating

A

A process that is used to determine the age of an object, based on measuring the amount of radioactive material it is

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5
Q

Bipedalism

A

The trait of habitually walking on two legs

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6
Q

Choppers

A

Large cobbles (oldest stone tools) (2.5mil ya)

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7
Q

Culture

A

The total system of ideas, values, behaviours, and attitudes of a society

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8
Q

Informant

A

A reliable and knowledgeable person who provides specific information to an anthropologist studying his or her community

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9
Q

Ethnocentric

A

Believing that one’s culture is superior to all others

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10
Q

Culturally constructed

A

Created or shaped by a culture

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11
Q

Subculture

A

A small group within a larger group who shares a common system of values, beliefs, attitudes, behaviours, and lifestyle distinct from those of the larger group

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12
Q

Ethnology

A

The study of the origins and cultures of different races and peoples

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13
Q

Kinship

A

The relationship between two or more people that is based in common ancestry, marriage, or adoption

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14
Q

Participant observation

A

The careful watching of a group, in some cases living with its members and participating in their culture

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15
Q

Ethnography

A

The written account of a culture

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16
Q

Subjective

A

Type of conclusions shaped by a person’s cultural and personal perspective, feelings, and beliefs

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17
Q

Objective

A

Type of conclusions based on facts and data and uninfluenced by personal perspectives, prejudices, or emotions

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18
Q

Reflexivity

A

The practice of reflecting on your own world view, biases, and impact on the culture you are studying

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19
Q

Ritual

A

Prescribed behaviour in which there is no connection between the action and the desired outcome

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20
Q

Rite of passage

A

A ceremony ritual, or event that marks an individual’s passage from one stage of life to another

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21
Q

Liminal stage

A

The second stage in a rite of passage, when the initiate is in a state of transition between the old and the new

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22
Q

Identity moratorium

A

A status in which the adolescent is in crisis and unable to accomplish tasks necessary to becoming an adult, and explores other youth subcultures

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23
Q

Sex

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A

Physical characteristics (male/female), biology—chromosomes (xx/xy)

24
Q

Gender

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A

What you identify as (fluid)

25
Gender roles
Societal expectations
26
Technological diffusion
The adoption by one culture of a technology invented by another culture
27
Perception
The process of how an individual takes in information visually and with the other senses
28
Euphemism
A word or set of words used to indirectly describe an uncomfortable or inappropriate concept or idea in a socially acceptable way
29
Reciprocity
An economic system of formal and informal sharing among members of a society to distribute resources fairly
30
Horticultural
A form of semi-nomadic agriculture
31
Redistribution
An economic system of collecting resources centrally and handing them out among members of a society
32
Potlatch
A sacred ceremony of First Nations peoples on the northwest coast of North America in which property is given away to enhance status
33
Wage labour
Work for which wages are paid
34
Globalization
The process by which economies, societies, and cultures become integrated through a worldwide network
35
Matrilineal
A kinship system in which people trace their ancestry through their mothers
36
Patrilineal
A kinship system in which people trace their ancestry through their fathers
37
Bilineal
A kinship system in which people trace their ancestry through both their mothers and fathers
38
Lineage
All the male relatives in a family that can be traced back to one common direct ancestor
39
Clan
A group of several lineages in a patrilineal or matrilineal society in which people are related but cannot always trace exact relationships
40
Monogamy
A relationship where an individual has one partner. Serial monogamy refers to monogamous relationships that occur one after another
41
Polygamy
A form of marriage that involves multiple partners
42
Polygyny
A form of marriage between one husband and multiple wives
43
Polyandry
A form of marriage with one wife and multiple husbands
44
Bridewealth
A cultural system where the groom (or his family) must pay a father in order to marry his daughter
45
Meta-analysis
A study combining the results of many other studies
46
Self-enhancement
The belief that you are more competent and generally better than your actions and behaviour indicate
47
Anthropology
The scientific study of the origin, the behaviour, and the physical, social, and cultural development of humans
48
Ethnology
The study of the origins and cultures of different races and peoples
49
Linguistic Anthropology
The study of human languages and how language affects and expresses culture (3 fields - historical linguistics, structural linguistics, and sociolinguistics)
50
Archaeology
The cultural anthropology of the past
51
Physical Anthropology
The study of the origins of the human species, how we evolved to our present form, and what makes humans unique
52
Paleoanthropology
The study of human ancestors based on evidence from the distant evolutionary past
53
Primatology
The study of the anatomy and behaviours of living primates (primatologists aren’t always anthropologists)
54
Human variation
The genetic differences between people and populations
55
Hominids
All modern and extinct great apes. (Gorillas, chimps, orangutans and humans, and their immediate ancestors)
56
Addiction
A condition where a person must use a substance to avoid psychological and physical withdrawal symptoms.

Gr. 10 Anthropology, Sociology, and Psychology (3 decks)

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