Terms - Sociology

Question 1

Agents of socialization

Answer 1

People and institutions that shape an individual’s social development.

Question 2

Anticipatory socialization

Answer 2

The process of learning how to plan the way to behave in new situations.

Question 3

Bureaucracy

Answer 3

A large administration that pursues a wide variety of goals.

Question 4

Empirical

Answer 4

Based on facts, statistics, and data.

Question 5

Feral

Answer 5

Unwanted child deserted at a young age and raised by animals.

Question 6

Functional differentiation

Answer 6

Divisions that are created to help deal with a complex environment; these divisions operate independently but are connected to one another.

Question 7

Isolate

Answer 7

Child raised in near isolation within a human household.

Question 8

Macrosociology

Answer 8

An approach of sociology that analyzes social systems on a large scale.

Question 9

Microsociology

Answer 9

The study of small groups and individuals within a society.

Question 10

Norm

Answer 10

Expectations about how people should behave.

Question 11

Positivism

Answer 11

The application of the scientific method to obtain quantifiable data in order to understand society.

Question 12

Primary group

Answer 12

A set of people with whom an individual has strong emotional and personal connections.

Question 13

Primary socialization

Answer 13

The process of learning the basic skills needed to survive in society.

Question 14

Rationalization

Answer 14

Social actions motivated by efficiency or benefit, not custom or emotion.

Question 15

Resocialization

Answer 15

The process by which negative behaviour is transformed into socially acceptable behaviour.

Question 16

Role

Answer 16

The expected behaviour of a person in a particular social position.

Question 17

Secondary socialization

Answer 17

The process of learning how to behave appropriately in group situations.

Question 18

Social influence

Answer 18

The effect of other people on a person’s thoughts and actions.

Question 19

Socialization

Answer 19

The continuing process where an individual learns the appropriate behavioural patterns, skills, and values for his or her social world.

Question 20

Survey

Answer 20

A set of questions used on a sample of the population study about opinions, values, or actions.

Question 21

Values

Answer 21

Shared ideas and standards that are considered acceptable and binding.

Question 22

Sociology

Answer 22

The study of human social life, groups, and societies.

Question 23

Social identity

Answer 23

The way you define yourself to the world and to yourself.

Question 24

Social role

Answer 24

Expectations attached to particular social positions.

Question 25

Chaperone

Answer 25

An older or married woman who accompanies or supervises a young unmarried woman on social occasions.

Question 26

Homophily

Answer 26

The tendency to associate with those who are similar to us

Question 27

Discrimination

Answer 27

The act of treating groups or individuals unfairly based on their race, gender, or other common characteristic; can be overt or systemic.

Question 28

Stereotype

Answer 28

An exaggerate view or judgement made about a group or class of people.

Question 29

Racism

Answer 29

Erroneous judgement, assumptions, opinions, or actions toward a person or group, based on the belief that one race is superior to another.

Question 30

Sexism

Answer 30

Attitudes or behaviours based on predetermined ideas of sexual roles that discriminate against others because of their sex.

Question 31

Classism

Answer 31

Systemic or personal actions that discriminate against persons according to their socio-economic level, which leads to human needs being unmet.

Question 32

Prejudice

Answer 32

An individual judgement about or activist hostility toward another social group.

Question 33

Upstander

Answer 33

A person who takes action, particularly when the easiest or most acceptable course is to do nothing, when he or she believes something is right.

Question 34

Islamophobia

Answer 34

Racism that leads to prejudice against and fear of Islamic beliefs and muslims.

Question 35

Scapegoat

Answer 35

A specific person or group of people who become the target of hatred or blame for the hardships of others.

Question 36

Solidarity

Answer 36

The ties that unite members of a group.

Question 37

Dyad

Answer 37

A group consisting of two members.

Question 38

Informal group

Answer 38

A less intimate gathering of people in which member interaction is not governed by explicit rules.

Question 39

Secondary group

Answer 39

A large, impersonal gathering of people in which members’ roles are measured by their contributions to a common goal or purpose.

Question 40

Virtual community

Answer 40

A group of individuals who communicate online.

Question 41

Sanction

Answer 41

Informal or formal penalty or reward to ensure conformity within a group.

Question 42

Panic

Answer 42

A highly emotional and irrational response on the part of an individual or a group to a dangerous or harmful social event.

Question 43

Riot

Answer 43

Civil disorder stemming from a social grievance, caused by a disorganized crowd exhibiting aggression, who may turn to acts of violence, vandalism, and destruction of property.

Question 44

Threshold

Answer 44

A level or point at which something would or would not happen; a tipping point.

Question 45

Altruism

Answer 45

The principle of unselfish regard for the needs and interests of others.

Question 46

Prosocial behaviour

Answer 46

A form of altruism in which individuals or groups demonstrate empathy toward and care for the welfare of others without benefit to themselves.

Question 47

Conventional crowd

Answer 47

A large group of people gathered for a clear purpose who behave according to expectations.

Question 48

Casual crowd

Answer 48

A group of people in the same place at the same time but who do not have a common goal.

Question 49

Expressive crowd

Answer 49

A large number of people at an event who display emotion and excitement.

Question 50

Acting crowd

Answer 50

A group of people fuelled by a single purpose or goal.

Question 51

Mob

Answer 51

A disorderly crowd of people

Question 52

Mass hysteria

Answer 52

The widespread irrational reaction to a perceived danger.

Question 53

Smart mob

Answer 53

A large group of strangers who use electronic media to organize and stage surprise public gatherings.

Question 54

Compliance

Answer 54

Social behaviour by an individual that may be contrary to his or her beliefs but is exhibited nonetheless in order to achieve rewards and avoid punishments.

Question 55

Groupthink

Answer 55

The effects of collective pressure on the decision-making abilities of individual members of a group.

Question 56

Obedience

Answer 56

The act or habit of doing what one is told or submitting to authority.

Question 57

Chameleon effect

Answer 57

The mimicking of the body language of a person with whom we are interacting.

Question 58

Serotonin

Answer 58

A chemical messenger in the brain that is associated with feelings of well-being.

Question 59

Nuclear family

Answer 59

A family that consists of spouses and their dependent children.

Question 60

Extended family

Answer 60

A family system in which several generations live together in one household.

Question 61

Lone-parent family

Answer 61

A family that consists of one parent living with one or more dependent children.

Question 62

Blended family

Answer 62

A family in which divorced partners with children from a previous union remarry

Question 63

Same-sex family

Answer 63

A family that consists of two individuals of the same gender, with or without children.