Terms - Exam 3

Question 1

Mosque

Answer 1

Muslim house of worship

Question 2

Minbar

Answer 2

Stepped pulpit in a mosque; used for sermons

Question 3

Qibla

Answer 3

Direction for prayer (toward Kaaba in Mecca)

Question 4

Mihrab

Answer 4

Arched niche in wall showing the qibla (direction of Mecca); often concave, sometimes flat

Question 5

Muqarnas

Answer 5

3D decorations like honeycomb; often individual cells or small arches

Question 6

Minaret

Answer 6

Tower at a mosque for calling Muslims to prayer

Question 7

Polychrome

Answer 7

Decorated in various colors; sometimes used for buildings decorated with different colored bricks (one to add accents, stripes…)

Question 8

Muhaqqaq

Answer 8

Type of Arabic script that looks handwritten?

Question 9

Medieval

Answer 9

After Byzantine, Islamic; before Ottonian, Romanesque, Gothic

Question 10

Animal Style

Answer 10

Use of animal motifs

Question 11

Interlacing

Answer 11

Interwoven decoration; common in Medieval art

Question 12

Cloisonne

Answer 12

Usually metal backround; has raised ridges to form cells; filled with colored enamel

Question 13

Manuscript Illumination

Answer 13

Text is supplemented with decorations and smaller illustration

Question 14

Monogram page

Answer 14

Page with a monogram; Chi-rho-iota from Book of Kells

Question 15

Charlemagne

Answer 15

Medieval / Carolingian Renaissance / pre-Romanesque; was granted divine legitimacy

Question 16

Ottonian

Answer 16

After Carolingian; before Romanesque

Question 17

Romanesque

Answer 17

After Ottonian; before Gothic

Question 18

Pilgrimage

Answer 18

Journey (especially a long one) to a sacred place for religious devotion; often to see relics in churches in Romanesque-ish era

Question 19

Radiating Chapels

Answer 19

Small, semi-circular chapels arranged around apse of church; makes those on pilgrimages less distracting for congregants

Question 20

Tympanum

plural tympana

Answer 20

Half-round panel that fills space between lintel and arch over Romanesque or Gothic doorway

Question 21

Blind arcade

Answer 21

Series of arches joined as a frieze with no openings; applied to surface of wall as decoration; exposes masonry

Question 22

Facade

Answer 22

The front of a building

Question 23

Gothic

Answer 23

After Romanesque; before High Gothic and Renaissance; style of Medieval art

Question 24

Pointed Arches

Answer 24

Arch with pointed apex; emphasize height by drawing eye upward; very common in Gothic architecture

Question 25

Flying buttresses

Answer 25

External (entire column not connected to wall), arched support for a wall; allowed church builders to install tall, thin walls that had stained glass

Question 26

Lancets

Answer 26

Tall, narrow window with pointed arch at top; common in Gothic architecture

Question 27

Rib vaulting

Answer 27

Like a pointed groin vault; intersection of 2 - 3 barrel vaults; provides support for wider expanses

Question 28

Rose Window

Answer 28

Circular window; divided into segments with mullions and tracery; often stained glass on facade; common in Gothic architecture

Question 29

Tracery

Answer 29

Stonework supporting glass in windows; common in Gothic architecture

Question 30

Tripartite

Answer 30

Composed of or split into three parts; 3 layers of a church; manifestation of the Holy Trinity

Question 31

Westwerk

Answer 31

West-facing entrance section of Carolingian, Ottonian, Romanesque church

Question 32

Gable

Answer 32

Triangular part of wall between edges of roof; commonly used in Gothic architecture

Question 33

Portal

Answer 33

A large doorway, entrance, or gate

Question 34

Pinnacle

Answer 34

Ornament that caps a turret, buttress, etc.; commonly used in Gothic architecture

Question 35

Jamb Figures

Answer 35

Statues carved on jambs of doorways or windows; (jamb - part of portal); usually human; Ex. Chartres Cathedral

Question 36

Rayonnant Style

Answer 36

Architects transitioned from building great sizes to incorporating more decorations (pinnacles, moldings, window tracery); Gothic/High Gothic

Question 37

Breviary

Answer 37

Book containing prayers, lessons, etc. for priests; Catholicism

Question 38

Serpentine

Answer 38

Curved like a snake; similar to contrapposto but more weightless

Question 39

Perpendicular Gothic

Answer 39

Dominating vertical lines/expanse; emphasize height; also expands horizontally

Question 40

Renaissance

Answer 40

After Gothic

Question 41

Maniera Greca

Answer 41

Use of Greek mannerisms in art; use of head tilt, contrapposto, etc.; proto-Renaissance