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1130 Testing > Terms From Slides > Flashcards

Terms From Slides Flashcards

1
Q

Supine

A

Lying on back

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2
Q

Prone

A

Lying on belly

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3
Q

Trendelenburg

A

Legs up

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4
Q

Left/Right Lateral

A

Lying on your left/right side

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5
Q

Semi-prone

A

Lying on either side

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6
Q

Stable Vital Signs

A

Vital signs are remaining the same as baseline set

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7
Q

Coffee-Ground Emesis

A

Sign of upper GI bleeding

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8
Q

Hematochezia

A

Stool containing bright red blood ie. hemorrhoids

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9
Q

Hematuria

A

Renal injury or illness

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10
Q

Eccymosis

A

Purple bluish coloring under the skin, localized blood collection

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11
Q

Hematoma

A

A localized collection of blood in the soft tissues after injury (bump not a bruise)

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12
Q

Peripheral Pulses

A

Strength is related to stroke volume and pulse pressure

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13
Q

Pulse Pressure

A

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures

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14
Q

Stroke Volume

A

The volume of blood pumped forward with each ventricular contraction

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15
Q

Cardiac Output

A

Amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute
CO = SV x HR

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16
Q

Mitochondria

A

Metabolic center or powerhouse of the cell. Small and rod shaped

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17
Q

Golgi Complex

A

Synthesis and packaging of various carbohydrates and protein molecules (enzymes)

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18
Q

Lysosomes

A

Contain digestive enzymes

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19
Q

Ribosomes

A

Contain RNA and protein

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20
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Neutralize toxins, such as alcohol. Found in liver.

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21
Q

Baroreceptors

A

Respond to changes in blood pressure, located in carotid artery, aorta and kidneys.
Baroreceptors respond to any decreased stretch, mainly in kidneys.

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22
Q

Glycolysis

A

Process of the breakdown of glucose to ATP

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23
Q

Anaerobic Pathway

A

The absence of oxygen -> lactic acid. Oxygen can later convert lactic acid back to pyruvic acid otherwise it diffuses to the liver and is metabolized. (body converts to anaerobic when it doesn’t have enough Oxygen)

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24
Q

Aerobic Pathway

A

Oxygen -> acytel coenzyme A -> citric acid cycle (releases CO2, NADH to the ETS)

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25
Q

Kreb’s Cycle

A

Breakdown of COA, NAD, FAD released and combined with energized electrons -> ETS -> ATP

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26
Q

Virus

A

Takes over metabolic process of a host cell and uses the host cell to replicate it

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27
Q

Bacteria

A

They possess a capsule that protects them from ingestion and destruction

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28
Q

Phagocyte

A

A white blood cell that engulfs and consumes foreign material such as microorganisms and cellular debris

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29
Q

Apoptosis

A

Normal cell death

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30
Q

Pyrogens

A

Released by white blood cells and causes fever to develop

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31
Q

Basophils

A

Contain histamine granules releases during inflammatory and allergic response

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32
Q

Eosinophils

A

Release substances that damage or kill parasitic invaders

33
Q

Neutrophils

A

Most abundant white blood cell, protect against infection, and destroy foreign antigens

34
Q

Monocytes

A

Mature in blood where they differentiate into macrophages (scavengers for the tissues)

35
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Mediate the acquired immune response. 2 types: B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes

36
Q

Mast Cells

A

Play a roll in allergic reactions, immunity and wound healing

37
Q

Native Immunity

A

Natural immunity, non specific cellular and antibody response that operates as the first line of defense against pathogens

38
Q

Acquired Immunity

A

Adaptive immunity, arises when the body is exposed to a foreign substance or disease and produces antibodies to that invader

39
Q

Cell-Mediated Immunity

A

T-cell lymphocytes recognize antigens and contribute to the immune response by either secreting cytokines or becoming cytotoxic and killing infected cells.

40
Q

Humoral Immunity

A

B-cell lymphocytes produce antibodies, react with a certain antigen, have a compliment of 20 proteins circulating until needed.

41
Q

Perfusion

A

Delivery of Oxygen and nutrients and removal of wastes for the cells, organs and tissues via circulatory system

42
Q

Hypoperfusion

A

Occurs when the level of tissue perfusion decreases below normal

43
Q

Shock

A

Abnormal state associated with inadequate Oxygen and nutrient delivery to the metabolic apparatus of the cell, resulting in impairment of cell metabolism and inadequate cell perfusion of vital organs

44
Q

Central Shock

A

Cardiogenic
Obstructive

45
Q

Peripheral Shock

A

Hypovolemic
Distributive

46
Q

RAAS System

A

A system in your body that causes your body to retain salt and water, causing a rise in blood pressure.

47
Q

Compensated Shock Signs and Symptoms

A

Agitation, anxiety, restlessness
Sense of impending doom
Weak, rapid pulse
Cool, clammy, pale skin
Short of breath
Thirst
Normal blood pressure

48
Q

Decompensated Shock Signs and Symptoms

A

Altered mental status
Labored breathing
Thready or absent peripheral pulses
Ashen, mottled or cyanotic skin
Impending cardiac arrest
Hypotension

49
Q

Injuries Caused by MVC’s

A

Head injuries
Hyperflexion spinal injuries
Soft tissue injuries
Disk herniation
Muscle and ligament stretching/damage

50
Q

Injuries Caused by Falls

A

Foot and lower extremity fractures
Hip fracture
Spinal injuries
Wrist and forearm fractures (Colle’s fracture)
Axial loading fractures specifically from diving injuries

51
Q

Trauma Assessment First Step

A

EMCA (don’t forget PPE)

52
Q

Trauma Assessment Second Step

A

General impressions/uncontrolled bleeds? C-Spine control

53
Q

Trauma Assessment Third Step

A

Initial assessment, ABC’s (don’t forget skin)

54
Q

Trauma Assessment Fourth Step

A

Make your first transport decision. Load and go?

55
Q

Trauma Assessment Fifth Step

A

Load and go or focused assessment?
If load and go, rapid trauma assessment
If focused assessment: OPQRST, 5 P’s, treatment, splint, etc.

56
Q

Once Mobile, First Actions are

A

Ongoing assessment, LOA, ABC’s, recheck interventions
Radio patch
Detailed physical examination

57
Q

When is a Full Set of Vitals Done

A

During focused exam
During a medical assessment
After going mobile during your ongoing exam
After your rapid trauma survey, if you decide it was not a load and go

58
Q

Normal Adult Heartrate

A

60-100 BPM

59
Q

Bradycardia

A

<60 BPM

60
Q

Tachycardia

A

> 100 BPM

61
Q

Normal Respiratory Rate for Adults

A

12 - 16 breaths per minute

62
Q

Bradypnea

A

Slow respiratory rate

63
Q

Tachypnea

A

Fast respiratory rate (>28 breaths/minute)

64
Q

Hypotension in Adults

A

<90 mm Hg

65
Q

Normotension in Adults

A

> 100 mm Hg

66
Q

Hypertension

A

High BP

67
Q

Hypotension

A

Low BP

68
Q

PEARRL

A

Pupils
Equal
And
Round
Regular in size
reactive to Light

69
Q

Skin - 3 Areas (Vitals)

A

Color - pink, pale, cyanotic, ashen
Condition - dry, clammy, diaphoretic
Temperature - hot, cool, warm

70
Q

Normal Temperature

A

36.1-37.2 degrees Celsius

71
Q

BLS Fever

A

> 38.5 degrees Celsius

72
Q

Hypothermia

A

Low body temp

73
Q

Hyperthermia

A

High body temp

74
Q

SPO2 Normal Range

A

97-100%

75
Q

Lung Sounds (what are the correct terms)
Upper right
Upper left
Lower right
Lower left

A

Right apices
Left apices
Right base
Left base

76
Q

GCS Eyes

A

Eye opening response (1-4)
4. Spontaneously
3. To speech
2. To pain
1. No response

77
Q

GCS Verbal

A

Verbal response (1-5)
5. Oriented to time, person and place
4. Confused
3. Inappropriate words
2. Incomprehensible sounds
1. No response

78
Q

GCS Motor

A

Motor Response (1-6)
6. Obeys commands
5. Moves to localized pain
4. Flex to withdraw from pain
3. Abnormal flexion
2. Abnormal extension
1. No response

1130 Testing (4 decks)

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