Terrain and Landscape Flashcards
(294 cards)
0
Q
particular extensive locale of land
A
area, region, tract, expanse
1
Q
aspect or conformation of land
A
landscape
2
Q
plant growth or life
A
vegetation, foliage
3
Q
visibly green plant life or trees
A
greenery, verdure
4
Q
grassy (or nonwoody) vegetation
A
herbage
5
Q
greenery as cover or food for deer
A
vert
6
Q
region abounding in trees
A
forest, woods, woodland, forestland
7
Q
extensive tropical wet woodland with tall trees that form a light blocking canopy
A
rain forest
8
Q
extensive area of barren and arid land
A
desert
9
Q
extensive area of treeless grassland (with tall grasses)
A
prairie (South America: pampa)
10
Q
extensive area of treeless grassland (with short grasses) and less rainfall than a prairie
A
steppe
11
Q
steppe with scattered trees and shrubs (especially in Africa)
A
veld, veldt
12
Q
extensive grazing grassland with scattered trees and shrubs
A
savanna, savannah, campo
13
Q
extensive treeless plain in the southeastern US
A
savana, savannah
14
Q
extensive plain with few trees in the southwestern US
A
llano
15
Q
extensive northern (subarctic) evergreen forest that is moist
A
taiga, boreal forest
16
Q
extensive northern (arctic and subarctic) treeless plain with mucky soil
A
tundra
17
Q
tundra treeless because of elevation (rather than latitude)
A
alpine tundra
18
Q
alpine forest having stunted trees
A
krummholz, elfinwood
19
Q
level area of terrain
A
flatland, flats
20
Q
extensive area of flat open terrain
A
plain, champaign, campagna
21
Q
grass-covered tract of level land
A
meadow
22
Q
green tract of grassland
A
sward, greenward, turf
23
Q
grassland tract for gazing or hay
A
pasture, lea
24
tract of open and rolling land with poor soil
moor, heath, moorland
25
high moor or barren field
fell
26
barren land
waste, wasteland, barren
27
tract of sandy ground where topsoil has been blown away by the wind
sandblow
28
extensive area of uncultivated and little-populated terrain
wilderness, the bush, backcountry, wilds (Australia: outback)
29
land covered by grass
grassland
30
grassland for grazing
pasture, pastureland, pasturage
31
municipal track of public and usually park-like land
common
32
tract of grass-covered ground cultivated or mowed
lawn
33
long strip of terrain
swath, swathe
34
yard or field used as a household kitchen garden or for a few farm animals
croft (British)
35
low terrain
bottom, bottomland
36
high terrain
heights
37
geological fracture in the earth's crust
fault, rift
38
opening or recession in terrain
hole, cavity, depression, hollow, basin, pan
39
open longitudinal depression
trench, ditch
40
small and nestled (usually wooded) valley
dell, glen, dingle
41
deep and narrow valley
hollow, combe, coomb, coombe
42
deep and steep-sided valley (often with a river)
canyon, canon
43
small and narrow steep-sided valley (often with a stream)
gorge, ravine, flume, gulch, clough (South Africa: kloof)
44
divide between valleys or side of a valley
coteau
45
small ravine sometimes having rainwater flowing in it
gully, clough, draw, coulee nullah, wash, wadi (South Africa: donga)
46
flat-bottomed gulch or gully sometimes having rainwater flowing in it
arroyo
47
long hollow or depression
trough
48
deep drop or hollow
gulf, abyss, chasm
49
chasm formed by receding ice
randkluft
50
valley
vale, dale
51
drainage depression or hollow
sinkhole, sink, swallow, swallowhole, dolina, doline
52
limestone sinkhole with a pool or deep natural well
cenote
53
flat-floored and steep-walled depression with no outflowing stream
polje
54
extensive or deep mucky or mossy basin
mudhole, muskeg
55
ground that slants upward or downward
slope, incline, grade
56
upward slope
acclivity, rise
57
downward slope
declivity
58
gentle slope
glacis
59
precipitous slope
steep
60
describing a tree or forest with foliage that falls off annually
deciduous
61
describing a tree or forest with foliage that stays and remains green throughout the year
evergreen
62
area of dense trees
wood, woods, forest
63
small group or grouping of trees (usually without undergrowth)
grove
64
cluster of shrubs or small trees
shrubbery, thicket
65
patch of thick or twisted growth
tangle
66
grove or thicket of small trees
copse, coppice, arbustum (British: spinney)
67
shrubs and other low vegetation in a forest
underbrush, brush, undergrowth
68
leafy tree-enclosed nook or recess
arbor, bower
69
dense thicket of shrubs or dwarf trees
chaparral
70
group of planted fruit or nut trees
orchard
71
growth or array of one type of tree (or plant) in an area
stand
72
tract of shrubby and uncultivated open land
heath
73
area of low trees and bushes
scrub
74
thicket where game hide
covert
75
thicket of cane
canebrake
76
narrow-tree or branch-covered pathway
tunnel
77
tree-bordered or hedged and park-like walk alley planned or mall-like alley whose trees are at least twice as high as the route width
allee
78
moist land
wetland, wetlands
79
tract of low and wet or spongy ground
marsh, bog, fen, swamp, wash, slough, marshland
80
swampy grassland with branching waterway
everglade
81
low land subject to flood tides
tideland, tidelands
82
flat and usually muddy tideland
tidal flat
83
flat land having brackish water
salt marsh
84
area under water that is shallow
shallows
85
rough or marshy tract of land with one kind of vegetation (shrubs or ferns)
brake, bracken
86
sunken and wet tract of land
swale
87
moist low-lying land (usually pineland)
flatwoods
88
clump of grass
tussock
89
country having few or no trees
open country
90
country that is level and low in altitude
lowland, lowlands
91
country that is elevated or mountainous
highland, highlands, upland, uplands
92
high point
elevation, eminence
93
top of a hill
hilltop, rise
94
projection at the top of a hill
brow
95
small and rounded hill
knoll, hillock, hummock, monicule, monticle, mound (England: barrow)
96
hill with a broad top
loma
97
lower hills beneath mountains
foothills
98
narrow or oval hill
drumlin
99
rounded elevation
swell
100
rounded solitary hill usually with steep sides
knob
101
mound in permafrost terrain
pingo
102
African veld's small and scrubby hill
kopje, koppie
103
open upland of rolling hills or open country
wold
104
rolling grassy upland with few trees
down, downs
105
one of successive indentations (from slumping soil) on a hillside
catstep, terracette
106
high and craggy hill or rocky peak
tor
107
colossal single rock or rock formation
monolith
108
oddly or fantastically shaped (eroded) rock column
hoodoo
109
single rock or boulder carried to where it is by a glacier
erratic
110
rounded or hump-like natural formation
dome
111
notably arched or bridge-like formation
natural bridge, arch
112
prominent isolated or bare rock
scar
113
smooth and slippery rock
slickrock
114
tree deformed by wind
wind cripple
115
parapet-like natural formation atop a wall
battlement
116
projecting or support like natural formation
buttress
117
extensive flat topped land elevation that rises steeply on at last once side
plateau, tableland
118
small and isolated plateau
mesa
119
small mesa
mesilla
120
isolated steep hill or small mountain (flat, rounded, cone-like, or pointed)
butte
121
solitary and fragmentary mountain
inselberg
122
series of mountains
range, chain
123
system of mountain chains (sometimes parallel)
cordillera
124
chain of mountains with sawtooth-like peaks
sierra
125
chain of hills or mountains
ridge, chine
126
ridge dividing drainage direction and regions
watershed, divide
127
area at the foot of a mountain range
piedmont
128
slope of a mountain
mountainside, versant (of a mountain chain or region)
129
slope of a hill
hillside
130
right or left of a formation or mountain
flank
131
top of a mountain
peak, summit, pike
132
exposed rock surface
fce
133
pyramindal peak usually with concave faces (where three or more aretes meet)
horn
134
elevation overlooking other terrain
heights
135
elevated place
aerie, eyrie
136
high and rugged mountain
alp
137
mountain range sections or mass
massif
138
projection laterally or on an angle from a mountain
spur
139
mountain or hill protuberance
buttress
140
area near the top or to the side of a mountain
shoulder
141
rugged and sharp-crested mountain ridge
arete, hogback
142
short mound or ridge
kame
143
winding ridge that is gravelly or sandy
esker
144
diff formation or line of cliffs
scarp, escarpment, palisade, palisades
145
jagged glacial ridge or pinnacle (as in an ice fall)
serac
146
precipitous place
steep, precipice
147
very steep descent or wall
niche
148
projection of rock
outcrop, outcropping
149
weathered quarry face
rock face
150
steep and bare rocky outcrop or cliff
scar
151
flat layer of rock
shelf
152
narrow level space along or projecting from a cliff or slope
ledge, shelf
153
cliff or wall projection viewed from below
overhang
154
pointed rock formation
pinnacle
155
long narrow opening
fissure, cleft, rift
156
deep cleft through a mountain ridge
gap, notch
157
channel or scoop-like depression between mountains
pass, col, saddle
158
narrow pass between hills or cliffs
defile, gorge
159
mountainside gorge or gully
couloir
160
cleft that is steep and narrow in a cliff or mountain face
chimney
161
bowl-like mountain basin with steep walls
cirque, cum, come, corry
162
steep wall of a cirque
headwall
163
roughly circular or oval flat area enclosed at one end by a curve of higher ground
amphitheater
164
glacial fissure or crevice that is deep
crevasse, bergschrund
165
series of crevasses
bergschrund
166
granular or ice-like mountain (glacial) snow
neve, firn
167
ledge-like plain above a river or body of water
terrace
168
rocky detritus (debris) on a mountain slope
scree
169
rocky detritus beneath a cliff
talus
170
slope formed of rocky detritus
talus
171
glacial deposit of boulders and stones
moraine
172
wall-like ridge rocks, ice, debris, etc.
rampart
173
sloping area of jumbled glacial ice blocks
icefall
174
mountain (with a crater) formed by ejected material
volcano
175
wide volcano crater (formed by eruptions or rim collapse)
caldera
176
volcanic vapor hole
fumarole
177
spring that at times throws up jets of hot water or steam
geyser
178
extinct volcano crater often containing a lake or marsh
maar
179
vast moving or spreading mass of ice
glacier
180
vertical shaft (worn by falling surface water through a crack) in a glacier
moulin
181
mantle of perennial ice and snow
ice cap, ice sheet
182
sheet of floating ice
floe
183
large floe
ice field
184
mountain like mass of floating ice
iceberg
185
massed array of ice formations at sea
ice pack
186
mass of ice fragments
brash
187
fragment of thin ice near shore
pan
188
submarine (undersea) mountain
seamount
189
flat-topped seamount
guyot
190
underground or rock-walled chamber
cave, cavern, grotto
191
icicle-like formation having in a cave
stalactite, dripstone
192
icicle-like formation on the floor of a cave
stalagmite, dripstone
193
country route or path
trail, lane, track
194
zigzagging path or road
switchback
195
raised path or road across water or a marsh
causeway
196
land arm almost completely surrounded by water
peninsula, chersonese
197
land formation jutting into the sea or other large body of water
cape
198
tongue (of land)
neck
199
land tip or projection
point
200
crescent-shaped arm of land
horn
201
elevated land area jutting over the sea or other large body of water
headland, promontory, ness, naze
202
neck or strip (sometimes prehistoric or submerged) between two relatively large landmasses
land bridge
203
land along the sea temporarily covered by tides or saturated during floods
tideland
204
level area sometimes covered by water
tidal flat, mud flat
205
land along a river subject to flooding
floodplain
206
bordering terrain along a river
riverbank
207
flat area encrusted with salt
salt flat
208
narrow projection of sandy or gravel terrain
spit
209
river's mouth (debouchment's) often fan-shaped sedimentary plain
delta, alluvial plain
210
river (alluvial) land between a levee and its lower-water stage
batture
211
sandbar connecting two islands or an island and its mainland
tombolo
212
small jutting of sand or gravel at water's edge
spit, sandpit, reach
213
flat place suitable for landing goods from a boat
landing
214
channel or passage that runs beneath cliffs from the shore inland
gat
215
sea's juncture with a river's mouth
estuary
216
sea inlet or arm
estuary, firth, frith
217
shallow arm of the sea or of a river
wash
218
connecting passage between two large bodies of water
strait, fretum
219
wide strait or navigable connecting waterway
channel
220
shoreline indentation
inlet
221
shoreline indentation that is sheltered
cove, creek, hole, basin
222
pool of water left after the tide recedes
tidal pool, tide pool
223
pool of water between two beaches
beach pool
224
shallow pond near a body of water
lagoon
225
long lagoon near the sea
haff
226
sea inlet that is extensive
gulf
227
sea inlet smaller than a gulf
bay, embayment
228
sea inlet or creek shallower inland
ria
229
bay at a coastal bend
bight
230
sea inlet that is long or separates an island from a mainland
sound
231
sea inlet that is narrow and has steep slopes or cliffs
fjord, fiord
232
shallow area of water
shallows
233
land body surrounded by water
island, isle
234
large group or chain of islands (or their ocean area)
archipelago
235
small island
islet, ait, eyot
236
low coral island or visible reef
cay, key
237
ring-like coral island or reef surrounding a lagoon
atoll
238
land border along water
coast, coastline, shore, shoreline, seaboard, littoral
239
sandy margin along water
beach, strand, playa, lido
240
pebbled or stony beach
shingle
241
swampy coastline
maremma
242
mound of accrued or windblown sand
dune
243
crescent-like dune that shifts
barchan, barchane, barkhan
244
shallow place in a sea or river
shoal
245
submerged (or partly so) bank of sand or gravel obstructive to navigation
bar, sandbar, sandback, shoal, reef
246
coral ridge-like growth usually near the surface in warm seas
reef
247
sea rock opening through which water intermittently spouts
blowhole, gloup
248
any flowing line of fresh water
watercourse, course, channel, waterway, stream (archiac: freshet)
249
junction of two rivers
watersmeet
250
inland-flowing course of fresh water smaller than a river
stream, brook, creek
251
small stream
streamlet, brooklet, rivulet, rill, runnel, burn
252
winding stream
meander, serpentile
253
winding stream dividing around a neck of land
oxbow
254
river or stream feeding a larger river
tributary, feeder
255
open stretch of river
reach
256
river's upper tributaries
headwaters
257
onrushing or raging stream
torrent
258
turbulent and rock-obstructed part of a river
rapid, rapids
259
steep rapids
cataract
260
abrupt or steep river descent
chute
261
narrow channel or strait with swift and dangerous waters
euripus
262
dangerously cross-currented or turbulent patch of water
rip
263
river or stream channel in a mountain ridge gap
water gap
264
trough for water
run
265
shallow area of water that can be waded across
ford
266
inland body of (usually) fresh water
lake, loch, mere
267
small lake or standing body of water
pond, lakelet, pondlet, pool, water hole
268
artificial lake
reservoir
269
small mountain lake with steep banks
tarn
270
artificial pond subject to the tides or a river or stream
tidal basin
271
stagnant pool
stagnum
272
ocean, sea
the deep, the briny deep, blue water
273
water moving in an inward (centripetal) circle
whirlpool, maelstrom, gurge, vortex
274
small whirlpool
eddy
275
waterfall
cataract, cascade
276
damn in a stream
weir
277
embankment to prevent river flooding
levee
278
beach or harbour protective structure offshore
breakwater, mole
279
pertaining to or like land
terrestrial
280
pertaining to or like the ocean
oceanic, marine, pelagic, thalassic
281
pertaining to the ocean depths or bottom
benthic, benthonic
282
pertaining to or like a river
riverine, fluvial, amnic
283
pertaining to or like a riverbank
riverain
284
pertaining to or like a shore
littoral, riparian
285
pertaining to or like swamp
swampy, marshy, quaggy, boggy, paludal
286
pertaining to or like a plain field
campestral
287
pertaining to or like a mountain
montane
288
pertaining to or like an island
insular
289
pertaining to a shore region moist but always above water
supra littoral
290
pertaining to a shore region between the high water and low water line
littoral
291
pertaining to an ocean zone from the low-water line to the edge of teh continental shelf
sublittoral, neritic
292
pertaining to an ocean zone from the continental shelf to a depth of some 13,000 feet (4,000 meters)
bathyal, bathypelagic
293
pertaining to an ocean zone deeper than 20,000 feet (6,500 metres)
hadal
