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Esthetic Science > test 1 > Flashcards

test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Electricity: what is it and what happens- 2

A

The movement of electrons from one atom to another along a conductor

When in motion exhibits magnetic, chemical, or thermal effects

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2
Q

Electric current: 1

A

Flow of energy along a conductor

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3
Q

conductor: 1

A

Any material that conducts electricity allowing it to pass through easily

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4
Q

Good conductors:3

A

Most metals

Especially copper

Non-distilled water

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5
Q

Insulator:1

A

Material that does not transmit electricity

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6
Q

Good insulators:5

A

Rubber
Silk
Wood
Glass
Cement

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7
Q

Complete electrical circuit: what is it - 1

A

Path that negative and positive electric currents take from the generating source through the conductors back to generating source

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8
Q

Direct current what is it -4

A

DC
Constant even flowing current

Travels in one direction only

Produced by chemical means

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9
Q

Examples of direct current: 2 examples and why

A

Flashlights and cellphones

Direct current from batteries

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10
Q

Inverter: what is it - 2

A

Apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current

Usually has plug and cord

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11
Q

Alternating current: 4

A

AC

Rapid and interrupted current

Flowing first in one direction than the opposite

Produced by chemical means and changes directions 60 times per second

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12
Q

Examples of alternating current: 3 AND WHY

A

Hair dryers,
Irons,
lamps

Plugs into wall outlets

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13
Q

Rectifier: what is it, what has it- 2

A

Apparatus that changes alternating current to direct current

Cordless items usually have rectifier needed to recharge their battery

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14
Q

Differences between DC and AC: 3 each

A

DC:
Constant even flow
Travels in one direction
Produced by chemical means

AC:
Rapid and interrupted flow
Travels in 2 directions
Produced by mechanical means

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15
Q

Volt: what is it- 3

A

V

The force

Unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes electric current forward through a conductor

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16
Q

How many volts are normal wall sockets :1

A

120 volts

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17
Q

How many volts are required for ac and washing machines: 1

A

240 v

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18
Q

Ampere: what is it , what’s needed - 4

A

A/amps

Unit that measures the strength of an electric current

Higher amps means more electrons and stronger current

Wires must be big enough to carry the amount of amps flowing through it so it doesn’t overheat

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19
Q

Milliampere:2

A

MA
1/1000 of an ampere

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20
Q

What uses milliamperes and why: 2

A

Facial tools

An ampere would be far too strong and damaging to skin

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21
Q

Ohm: 4- what is it and how will current flow

A

O

The resistance

Unit that measures the resistance of an electric current

Current will not flow unless volts are stronger than the resistance (ohm)

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22
Q

Watt: what is it- 3

A

W
Unit that measures how much electric energy is being used in one second

40 watt lightbulb uses 40 watts per second

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23
Q

Kilowatt: what is it and what uses it- 3

A

Kw

1000 watts = 1kw

Electricity in a house is measured by kwh (per hour )

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24
Q

Fuse: what it does and how- 2

A

Prevents excessive current from passing through circuit

Designed to blow out or melt when the wire becomes too hot from overloading circuit with too much current

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25
Q

How do you re-establish a circuit after a fuse blows: steps- 4

A

Disconnect appliance

Check all connection and insulation

Insert new fuse

Reconnect appliance

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26
Q

Circuit Breaker: what it does -3

A

A switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off a electrical circuit at the first indication of an overload

Replaced fuses in modern electric circuits

Do not require replacement, just reset by switching breaker back on

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27
Q

Grounding: what it does- 2

A

Completes electrical circuit and carries current safely away

All appliances must have at least 2 prongs on the plug

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28
Q

3 prong plug:- what it does- 3

A

Has 3rd circular prong called grounding pin

Designed to guarantee safe path for electricity and protect user from from shock

Offers most protection

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29
Q

Ground Fault Interrupters: what it does, how-4

A

GFI

Designed to protect from electrical shock by interrupting a household circuit when there is a leak in the circuit

Detects current of a few milliamperes and trips a breaker at the receptacle or at the breaker panel to avoid shock hazard

Has reset button

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30
Q

Some guidelines for electrical safety: 9

A

Read instruction carefully

Register equipment with company in case of recall

Disconnect when not used

Disconnect prior to cleaning
Inspect

Keep wires and plugs in good condition

Avoid water and metal contact
Keep cords off the floor

Don’t leave client unattended

Don’t clean outlets

Don’t alter prongs

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31
Q

What to do if you receive a shock sensation:4

A

Stop using immediately and turn it off.

Unplug it from the wall or turn off the circuit breaker to that outlet.

Replace the appliance or have it repaired by an authorized repair representative.

If similar issues occur with other appliances in the same outlet, discontinue use of that outlet until approved for use by a certified electrician

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32
Q

Electrotherapy-1

A

Electrical currents used to treat skin

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33
Q

Modalities- 2

A

Currents used in electrical facial and scalp treatments

Each modality produces different effects on skin

34
Q

Electrode:aka, what it is, made of, modality- 5

A

Aka probe

Applicator for directing electric current from device to skin

Made of carbon, glass or metal

Each modality requires a negative and positive electrode to conduct energy through body

Tesla high frequency only has one electrode

35
Q

Polarity-3

A

Poles of electric current

Positive or negative

Negative from cathode flow to positive anode

36
Q

Anode-2

A

Positive electrode

Usually red marked with P/+

37
Q

Cathode- 3

A

Negative electrode

Usually black marked with N/-

Negative from cathode flow to positive anode

38
Q

Modalities used in industry :3

A

Galvanic current

Microcurrent

Tesla high frequency current

39
Q

Galvanic current: what is it, what it does - 5

A

Constant and direct current

Positive and negative pole

Produces chemical changes when it passes through tissues and fluid of body

2 different reactions – chemical and ionic

Results vary depending on polarity being used- opposite results of each other

40
Q

Active electrode:1

A

Electrode used on the treatment areas

41
Q

Inactive electrode:2

A

Opposite pole from active electrode

Client holds it usually

42
Q

What is galvanic current used to do:2

A

Infuse water soluble products into unbroken skin

Phoresis

43
Q

Effects of galvanic current on skin: Positive (anode) Cataphoresis- 6

A

Produce acidic reaction

Close pores

Soothes nerves

Decreases blood supply

Contracts blood vessels

Hardens and firms tissues

44
Q

Effects of galvanic current on skin: negative (cathode) anaphoresis-6

A

Produces alkaline reactions

Opens the pores

Stimulates and irritates the nerves

Increases blood supply

Expands blood vessels

Softens tissue

45
Q

Contraindications of galvanic current:4

A

Broken capillaries

Pustular acne

High blood pressure

Metal implants

46
Q

Ionophoresis:what does it do and how- 2

A

Process of infusing water soluble products into the skin with use of electric current

Use of positive and negative poles of galvanic machine

47
Q

Cataphoresis:2 -what does it do and how

A

Infuses acidic (positive) product into deeper tissues

Using galvanic current from the positive pole (anode) towards negative pole (cathode)

48
Q

Anaphoresis:1- what does it do

A

Infuses an alkaline (negative) product into the tissue from the negative pole toward the positive pole

49
Q

Desincrustation:3

A

Form of anaphoresis

Used to soften and emulsify grease deposits and blackheads in follicle

Used to treat acne and milia

50
Q

Microcurrent: what is it, what it does/used for, effects on skin- 8

A

Extremely low level of electricity that mirrors bodys natural electrical impulses

Does not travel- only treatment area

Used for ionotophoresis

Firming

Toning

Soothing skin

Heal inflamed tissue – acne

Negative and positive in one probe

51
Q

How can microcurrent be effective:10

A

Improves blood and lymph circulation

Produces acidic and alkaline reactions

Opens and closes follicles and pores

Increases muscle tone

Restores elasticity

Reduces redness and inflammation

Minimizes healing time for acne lesions

Improves skin barrier

Increases metabolism

Aging skin- softer, firmer, hydrated

52
Q

Contraindications to electric current devices:13

A

Pacemaker/metal implants

Epilepsy/seizures

Asthma

High blood pressure

Sinus blockage

Jewellery

Braces

Cancer

Phlebitis

Thrombosis

Pregnant

Under physicians care for product/treatment

If unsure obtain approval

53
Q

Tesla high frequency:aka, what it does, used for, what Is it- 6

A

Aka violet ray

Thermal/heat producing current with high rate of oscillation or vibration

Commonly used for scalp and facial treatments

Does not produce muscle contractions

Stimulating or soothing

1 electrode made of glass or metal

54
Q

Benefits of tesla high frequency:5

A

Stimulate blood circulation

Increases elimination and absorption

Increases skin metabolism

Improves germicidal action

Relieves skin congestion

55
Q

What is Electromagnetic spectrum:1

A

All forms of energy that exist

56
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum diagram:5

A

Radio waves- radios and tv

Microwaves- microwave oven \

Light waves- infrared, ultraviolet, visible light

X-rays

Gamma rays- nuclear powerplant

57
Q

Wavelength:1

A

Distance between successive peaks of electromagnetic waves

58
Q

Waveform:1

A

Measurment of distance between two wavelengths

59
Q

Nanometers:2

A

Unit of length equivalent to a billionth of a meter

Used to measure wavelength of light

60
Q

Long wavelengths:4

A

Low frequency

Fewer waves

Less energy

Deeper penetration

61
Q

Short wavelengths:- 4

A

Higher frequency

More waves

More energy

Less penetration

62
Q

Visible light- about- 4

A

Part of spectrum that we can see

35% of sunlight

Visible violet is shortest wavelength

Visible red is longest wavelength

63
Q

What is sunlight made up of:3

A

Visible light= 35%

Invisible infrared light= 60%

Invisible infrared light= 5%

64
Q

Invisible light: about- 3

A

Light at either end of visible spectrum

Invisible to naked eye

Shorter than 400nm or longer than 700nm

65
Q

Ultraviolet Light: nm, facts and effects-6

A

Invisible shorter than 400nm

Cold/actinic light

Short wavelengths – high energy

Less penetrating – chemical reactions
happen quicker

Produce less heat

Kills some germs

66
Q

What does UV light do for the skin: good and overexposure- 3

A

Prompts production of vitamin D- good for bone growth and health

Over exposure can cause;
Premature aging
Skin cancer

67
Q

Three types of Uv light:3

A

UVA
UVB
UVC

68
Q

UVA Light:about, effects on skin, where its used-4

A

Longest wavelength of UV

Penetrates directly into the dermis

Damaging collagen and elastin

Often in tanning bed

69
Q

UVB light: about and what it does-3

A

Burning light

Associated with sun burns

Excessive exposure to UVA and UVB can cause cancer

70
Q

UVC light:about and what it does- 2

A

Blocked by ozone layer- without there would be no life

Effective at killing bacteria, viruses, mold and other pathogens

71
Q

Infrared Light: nm and about- 6

A

Invisible – longer than 700nm

Longer wavelengths

Penetrates deeper

Less energy

Produces more heat

60% sunlight

72
Q

Infrared lamps:2 uses

A

Spas and saunas for relaxation and warming muscles

Process hair colour

73
Q

Infrared light treatments: skin effects-3

A

Diminish aging signs

Heal wounds

Increase circulation

74
Q

Red light:2

A

Visible light

Most effective on surface of skin

75
Q

Catalysts:what and how -3

A

Substances that speed up chemical reactions

Some use heat or light as energy source

Absorb energy and pass to intitiator

76
Q

Examples of catalysts:3

A

Monomers to harden acrylic nails

Uv light to harden gel colour

Infrared lamps to process hair colour

77
Q

Light therapy:aka, what it does for skin and how- 4

A

Aka phototherapy

Application of light rays to skin for treatment of wrinkles, capillaries, pigment or hair removal

Multiple depths, colours and wavelengths- light may be scattered

Equipment used depends on skin type and condition

78
Q

Laser light therapy:what it does 2

A

Focus all light and power to specific depth and direction within skin

Using same colour light

79
Q

Light therapy with medication for skin treatment:3

A

Eczema flare-ups with UV

Systemic treatment with meds suppresses body immune response

Psoralen plus UVA (PUVA)

80
Q

Fluorescent light:3

A

May be cooler

Green-blue

Contains mercury

81
Q

Incandescent light: 2

A

Warmer

Yellow-gold

Esthetic Science (4 decks)

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