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test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Electricity: what is it and what happens- 2

A

The movement of electrons from one atom to another along a conductor

When in motion exhibits magnetic, chemical, or thermal effects

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2
Q

Electric current: 1

A

Flow of energy along a conductor

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3
Q

conductor: 1

A

Any material that conducts electricity allowing it to pass through easily

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4
Q

Good conductors:3

A

Most metals

Especially copper

Non-distilled water

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5
Q

Insulator:1

A

Material that does not transmit electricity

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6
Q

Good insulators:5

A

Rubber
Silk
Wood
Glass
Cement

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7
Q

Complete electrical circuit: what is it - 1

A

Path that negative and positive electric currents take from the generating source through the conductors back to generating source

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8
Q

Direct current what is it -4

A

DC
Constant even flowing current

Travels in one direction only

Produced by chemical means

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9
Q

Examples of direct current: 2 examples and why

A

Flashlights and cellphones

Direct current from batteries

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10
Q

Inverter: what is it - 2

A

Apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current

Usually has plug and cord

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11
Q

Alternating current: 4

A

AC

Rapid and interrupted current

Flowing first in one direction than the opposite

Produced by chemical means and changes directions 60 times per second

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12
Q

Examples of alternating current: 3 AND WHY

A

Hair dryers,
Irons,
lamps

Plugs into wall outlets

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13
Q

Rectifier: what is it, what has it- 2

A

Apparatus that changes alternating current to direct current

Cordless items usually have rectifier needed to recharge their battery

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14
Q

Differences between DC and AC: 3 each

A

DC:
Constant even flow
Travels in one direction
Produced by chemical means

AC:
Rapid and interrupted flow
Travels in 2 directions
Produced by mechanical means

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15
Q

Volt: what is it- 3

A

V

The force

Unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes electric current forward through a conductor

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16
Q

How many volts are normal wall sockets :1

A

120 volts

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17
Q

How many volts are required for ac and washing machines: 1

A

240 v

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18
Q

Ampere: what is it , what’s needed - 4

A

A/amps

Unit that measures the strength of an electric current

Higher amps means more electrons and stronger current

Wires must be big enough to carry the amount of amps flowing through it so it doesn’t overheat

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19
Q

Milliampere:2

A

MA
1/1000 of an ampere

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20
Q

What uses milliamperes and why: 2

A

Facial tools

An ampere would be far too strong and damaging to skin

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21
Q

Ohm: 4- what is it and how will current flow

A

O

The resistance

Unit that measures the resistance of an electric current

Current will not flow unless volts are stronger than the resistance (ohm)

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22
Q

Watt: what is it- 3

A

W
Unit that measures how much electric energy is being used in one second

40 watt lightbulb uses 40 watts per second

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23
Q

Kilowatt: what is it and what uses it- 3

A

Kw

1000 watts = 1kw

Electricity in a house is measured by kwh (per hour )

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24
Q

Fuse: what it does and how- 2

A

Prevents excessive current from passing through circuit

Designed to blow out or melt when the wire becomes too hot from overloading circuit with too much current

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25
How do you re-establish a circuit after a fuse blows: steps- 4
Disconnect appliance Check all connection and insulation Insert new fuse Reconnect appliance
26
Circuit Breaker: what it does -3
A switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off a electrical circuit at the first indication of an overload Replaced fuses in modern electric circuits Do not require replacement, just reset by switching breaker back on
27
Grounding: what it does- 2
Completes electrical circuit and carries current safely away All appliances must have at least 2 prongs on the plug
28
3 prong plug:- what it does- 3
Has 3rd circular prong called grounding pin Designed to guarantee safe path for electricity and protect user from from shock Offers most protection
29
Ground Fault Interrupters: what it does, how-4
GFI Designed to protect from electrical shock by interrupting a household circuit when there is a leak in the circuit Detects current of a few milliamperes and trips a breaker at the receptacle or at the breaker panel to avoid shock hazard Has reset button
30
Some guidelines for electrical safety: 9
Read instruction carefully Register equipment with company in case of recall Disconnect when not used Disconnect prior to cleaning Inspect Keep wires and plugs in good condition Avoid water and metal contact Keep cords off the floor Don’t leave client unattended Don’t clean outlets Don’t alter prongs
31
What to do if you receive a shock sensation:4
Stop using immediately and turn it off. Unplug it from the wall or turn off the circuit breaker to that outlet. Replace the appliance or have it repaired by an authorized repair representative. If similar issues occur with other appliances in the same outlet, discontinue use of that outlet until approved for use by a certified electrician
32
Electrotherapy-1
Electrical currents used to treat skin
33
Modalities- 2
Currents used in electrical facial and scalp treatments Each modality produces different effects on skin
34
Electrode:aka, what it is, made of, modality- 5
Aka probe Applicator for directing electric current from device to skin Made of carbon, glass or metal Each modality requires a negative and positive electrode to conduct energy through body Tesla high frequency only has one electrode
35
Polarity-3
Poles of electric current Positive or negative Negative from cathode flow to positive anode
36
Anode-2
Positive electrode Usually red marked with P/+
37
Cathode- 3
Negative electrode Usually black marked with N/- Negative from cathode flow to positive anode
38
Modalities used in industry :3
Galvanic current Microcurrent Tesla high frequency current
39
Galvanic current: what is it, what it does - 5
Constant and direct current Positive and negative pole Produces chemical changes when it passes through tissues and fluid of body 2 different reactions – chemical and ionic Results vary depending on polarity being used- opposite results of each other
40
Active electrode:1
Electrode used on the treatment areas
41
Inactive electrode:2
Opposite pole from active electrode Client holds it usually
42
What is galvanic current used to do:2
Infuse water soluble products into unbroken skin Phoresis
43
Effects of galvanic current on skin: Positive (anode) Cataphoresis- 6
Produce acidic reaction Close pores Soothes nerves Decreases blood supply Contracts blood vessels Hardens and firms tissues
44
Effects of galvanic current on skin: negative (cathode) anaphoresis-6
Produces alkaline reactions Opens the pores Stimulates and irritates the nerves Increases blood supply Expands blood vessels Softens tissue
45
Contraindications of galvanic current:4
Broken capillaries Pustular acne High blood pressure Metal implants
46
Ionophoresis:what does it do and how- 2
Process of infusing water soluble products into the skin with use of electric current Use of positive and negative poles of galvanic machine
47
Cataphoresis:2 -what does it do and how
Infuses acidic (positive) product into deeper tissues Using galvanic current from the positive pole (anode) towards negative pole (cathode)
48
Anaphoresis:1- what does it do
Infuses an alkaline (negative) product into the tissue from the negative pole toward the positive pole
49
Desincrustation:3
Form of anaphoresis Used to soften and emulsify grease deposits and blackheads in follicle Used to treat acne and milia
50
Microcurrent: what is it, what it does/used for, effects on skin- 8
Extremely low level of electricity that mirrors bodys natural electrical impulses Does not travel- only treatment area Used for ionotophoresis Firming Toning Soothing skin Heal inflamed tissue – acne Negative and positive in one probe
51
How can microcurrent be effective:10
Improves blood and lymph circulation Produces acidic and alkaline reactions Opens and closes follicles and pores Increases muscle tone Restores elasticity Reduces redness and inflammation Minimizes healing time for acne lesions Improves skin barrier Increases metabolism Aging skin- softer, firmer, hydrated
52
Contraindications to electric current devices:13
Pacemaker/metal implants Epilepsy/seizures Asthma High blood pressure Sinus blockage Jewellery Braces Cancer Phlebitis Thrombosis Pregnant Under physicians care for product/treatment If unsure obtain approval
53
Tesla high frequency:aka, what it does, used for, what Is it- 6
Aka violet ray Thermal/heat producing current with high rate of oscillation or vibration Commonly used for scalp and facial treatments Does not produce muscle contractions Stimulating or soothing 1 electrode made of glass or metal
54
Benefits of tesla high frequency:5
Stimulate blood circulation Increases elimination and absorption Increases skin metabolism Improves germicidal action Relieves skin congestion
55
What is Electromagnetic spectrum:1
All forms of energy that exist
56
Electromagnetic spectrum diagram:5
Radio waves- radios and tv Microwaves- microwave oven \ Light waves- infrared, ultraviolet, visible light X-rays Gamma rays- nuclear powerplant
57
Wavelength:1
Distance between successive peaks of electromagnetic waves
58
Waveform:1
Measurment of distance between two wavelengths
59
Nanometers:2
Unit of length equivalent to a billionth of a meter Used to measure wavelength of light
60
Long wavelengths:4
Low frequency Fewer waves Less energy Deeper penetration
61
Short wavelengths:- 4
Higher frequency More waves More energy Less penetration
62
Visible light- about- 4
Part of spectrum that we can see 35% of sunlight Visible violet is shortest wavelength Visible red is longest wavelength
63
What is sunlight made up of:3
Visible light= 35% Invisible infrared light= 60% Invisible infrared light= 5%
64
Invisible light: about- 3
Light at either end of visible spectrum Invisible to naked eye Shorter than 400nm or longer than 700nm
65
Ultraviolet Light: nm, facts and effects-6
Invisible shorter than 400nm Cold/actinic light Short wavelengths – high energy Less penetrating – chemical reactions happen quicker Produce less heat Kills some germs
66
What does UV light do for the skin: good and overexposure- 3
Prompts production of vitamin D- good for bone growth and health Over exposure can cause; Premature aging Skin cancer
67
Three types of Uv light:3
UVA UVB UVC
68
UVA Light:about, effects on skin, where its used-4
Longest wavelength of UV Penetrates directly into the dermis Damaging collagen and elastin Often in tanning bed
69
UVB light: about and what it does-3
Burning light Associated with sun burns Excessive exposure to UVA and UVB can cause cancer
70
UVC light:about and what it does- 2
Blocked by ozone layer- without there would be no life Effective at killing bacteria, viruses, mold and other pathogens
71
Infrared Light: nm and about- 6
Invisible – longer than 700nm Longer wavelengths Penetrates deeper Less energy Produces more heat 60% sunlight
72
Infrared lamps:2 uses
Spas and saunas for relaxation and warming muscles Process hair colour
73
Infrared light treatments: skin effects-3
Diminish aging signs Heal wounds Increase circulation
74
Red light:2
Visible light Most effective on surface of skin
75
Catalysts:what and how -3
Substances that speed up chemical reactions Some use heat or light as energy source Absorb energy and pass to intitiator
76
Examples of catalysts:3
Monomers to harden acrylic nails Uv light to harden gel colour Infrared lamps to process hair colour
77
Light therapy:aka, what it does for skin and how- 4
Aka phototherapy Application of light rays to skin for treatment of wrinkles, capillaries, pigment or hair removal Multiple depths, colours and wavelengths- light may be scattered Equipment used depends on skin type and condition
78
Laser light therapy:what it does 2
Focus all light and power to specific depth and direction within skin Using same colour light
79
Light therapy with medication for skin treatment:3
Eczema flare-ups with UV Systemic treatment with meds suppresses body immune response Psoralen plus UVA (PUVA)
80
Fluorescent light:3
May be cooler Green-blue Contains mercury
81
Incandescent light: 2
Warmer Yellow-gold

Esthetic Science (4 decks)

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