Test 1 Flashcards
(20 cards)
audiologist
health professional responsible for caring for persons with hearing loss and related problems
peripheral
related to or located in an outer boundary, relating to the outer part of the body
central
at or near the center
opposite of peripheral
outer ear consists of
pinna and auditory meatus
auditory meatus
(ear canal)
made of cartilage (outer 2/3), bone (inner 1/3), and sebaceous and ceruminous glands producing cerumen.
guides sound to tympanic membrane and maintains temp and humidity
acts as a resonator
pinna
(auricle)
made of cartilage and tissue
functions to guide sound into the ear canal and for localization of sound
middle ear consists of
tympanic membrane
ossicles bones
middle ear muscles
tympanic membrane
separates middle and outer ear
three layers
pars flaccida
pars tensa
cone of light
pars flaccida of tympanic membrane
top portion of the ear drum which is thinner and allows for flexibility
pars tensa of tympanic membrane
lower, more rigid portion of the eardrum that is responsible for transmitting vibrations to inner ear
cone of light of tympanic membrane
indicates ear health using otoscope
three layers of tympanic membrane
epithelial tissue
fibrous tissue
mucosa layer
ossicles
malleus
incus
stapes
how are the ossicles attached?
The manubrium of the malleus connects to the tympanic membrane while the head connects to the short process of the incus. The lenticular process of the incus connects to the head of the stapes. The footplate of the stapes connects to the oval window.
tectorial membrane’s role in electrical energy
the tectorial membrane plays a role in transforming sound waved into electrical energy as the hair cells interact with the tectorial membrane and open ion channels which allow sodium and potassium in, creating an electrical signal.
how does the vestibular system work?
The vestibular system is made of three semicircular canals, each responding to a different direction of movement. In each semicircular canal, there is a fluid and hair cells that are in a gelatinous structure called the cupula. With movement of the head, the fluid in the semicircular canal moves, moving the cupula and hair cells which allows the brain to perceive balance and the movement of the head.
Utricle
encodes linear motion in the horizontal plane
Saccule
encodes vertical motion
parts of the inner ear
cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibule
how does sound travel through the outer, middle, and inner ear?
Sound waves travel through the ear canal to the tympanic membrane, causing the membrane to vibrate. These vibration cause the bones in the middle ear, or ossicles, to move. The movement of the ossicles focuses the energy of the sound waves from the larger area of the tympanic membrane to the small area of the footplate of the stapes, causing the energy to increase. This energy causes the stapes to push against the oval window, resulting in the movement of the fluid in the inner ear. This movement causes the basilar membrane of the cochlea to move, engaging the the inner ear hair cells and causing them to bend against the tectorial membrane. This results in an electrical signal being created which is carried to the brain by the auditory nerve.
